第一章 汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一节 翻译中的选义
You shall know a word by the company it keeps. (John Firth)
1. man: man and wife 夫妻 officers and men 官兵
his man Friday 佣人，仆人 man-of-war 战舰
be a man! 像个男子汉！（勇敢一些，坚强一些）
2. “好”的译法：
好的开始是成功的一半。Well begun, half done.
他的身体很好。He is very well. (He is in the pink of health.)
计划订好了。 The plan has been drawn up.
revive
好，今天到此为止。Well, let us call it a day.
身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work hard.
3. 轻巧：
这摩托车很轻巧。The motorcycle is light and handy.
她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement.
你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。
You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourlf and e if you can bring back a trophy, too?
4. 意思：
甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。
乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这套？
甲：唉，只是意思意思。
乙：啊，真是不好意思。
A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Plea do take it.
B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You should not do that.
A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude.
B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not derve it.
5. 我在银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教我儿子，以一面找机会。（钱钟书《围城》）
I will put you on the payroll at the bank, You can drop in during the day and tutor my son in the evening while looking for a job.
6. 正式：正式会议 formal agreement 正式声明 official statement
正式成员 the full member of the delegation
7. 化：
经济法制化 manage economic affairs within a framework
经济全球化 economic globalization
社会知识化 build a knowledge-driven society
国际关系民主化 the practice of democracy in international relations
国民经济信息化 build an information-bad national economy
科研成果产业化 apply scientific rearch results to industrial production
8. good的译法：
a good Christian 虔诚的教徒 a good parent 慈爱的父母 a good child 孝顺的子女；懂礼貌的孩子
a good wife 贤良的妻子 a good husband 尽责的丈夫 a good tooth 健康的牙齿
a good investment 可靠的投资 a good reason 正当的理由 a good income 高收入 a good table 丰盛的一餐
a good person 正直的人 a good soul 善良的人 a good heart 慈悲的心
good looks 美貌 good manners 得体的举止
9. 容易误译的词语：
红茶 black tea 红糖 brown sugar 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit 落汤鸡 a drowned rat
养虎为患儿童教育to cherish a snake in one’s bosom 瓮中捉鳖 like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水 like a duck to water
像热锅上的蚂蚁 like a hen on a hot girdle 愚蠢如猪 as stupid as a goo
rowan atkinson犟得像头牛 as stubborn as a donkey/ a mule
第二节 翻译中的选词
1. 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。
Of cour, our achievement in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world.
2. letting go什么意思中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。directorate
China should show the world through its actions that she is oppod to hegenonism and power politics and will never ek hegemony.
3. 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
4. 社会主义革命 to carry out socialist revolution 进行一场激烈的争论 to carry on a spirited debate
实地调查 to make an on-the-spot investigation 亲切的谈话 to have a cordial conversati
on
侵略installation to commit aggression 协商 to hold consultation with 核试验 to conduct a nuclear test
eyou是什么意思
5. “死”：
to expire 逝世 to pass away 与世长辞 to clo/ end one’s day 寿终 to go west 归西天
to breather one’s last 断气 to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘 to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉
to give up the ghost见阎王 to kick the bucket 翘辫子 to kick up one’s heels 蹬腿
6. 褒：famous, statesman, publicity
贬：notorious, politician, propaganda
7. 他们讲索取，我们讲奉献。
They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others.
8. 她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。no more
What she eks is truth, and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.
review什么意思
9鹅蛋脸发型. 其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受。
In actual fact,, middle age reprents the prime of one’s life, allowing no indolence, no lf-indulgence.
第三节 翻译中的多样性
1）安居乐业：
1. 安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。It is the common desire of the people to live in peace and contentment.
2. 希望我全体人员，一律安居乐业，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。
It is hoped that the people throughout the country will love and work in peace and will not give credence to rumors or rai fal alarm.
3. 也不知安居乐业，最早见于什么典籍，四个字一针见血地点明了生活中的一个因果关系。
I cannot say in what cannon the words “cure in one’s home and happy in one’s work” first appeared, but that expression cuts to the core of a primary determinant in human life.
2）德才兼备：
1. have both practical efficiency and moral excellence
2. have both intellect and character
3. be both well-trained to do things and well dispod to do good
4. be both gifted and righteous-minded
