美国文学史及选读的名词解释（全）
buzzwordThe American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in America in the mid-to-late 18th century (1715–1789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the
17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion.
Politically, the age is distinguished by an emphasis upon liberty, democracy, republicanism and religious tolerance – culminating in the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution. Attempts to reconcile science and religion resulted in a rejection of prophecy, miracle and revealed religion, often in preference for Deism. Historians have considered how the ideas of John Locke and republicanism merged to form republicanism in the United States. The most important leaders of the American Enlightenment include Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.
1.
2. American Puritanism
smoking
it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praid.
3. Romanticism: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in
Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was ud in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the ntimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expresd themlves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography.
4. Transcendentalism (先验说,超越论): is a philosophic and literary movement that
高考短文改错cross是什么意思
flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stresd intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The reprentative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.
roomate5. Local colorism: as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early
1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as
local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humor 6. Stream of consciousness（意识流）：It is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the
kans
style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings,
arosareflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first ud in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Tho novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly。
7. American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to
教育部考试中心 六级 成绩an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and ntimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange towardupload
a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It express the
concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience
8. Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism
had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变）that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismisd the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, prenting characters of low social and economic class who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.
9. Imagism（意象派）: It’s a poetic movement of Engl and and the U.S. flourished from 1909
to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.
