2015考研英语阅读理解精读P35—工学类
Passage 35
BACK in 1922, Thomas Edison predicted that "the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the u of textbooks." Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around the country.
With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that their prence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar class without them casts doubt on that view.
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In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachutts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israel's primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for maths and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the class' teachers how they ud various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of cour, computer programs. The rearchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the u of computers improved children's test scores. In fact, it found the rever. In the ca of the maths scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer u and test scores.
The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwi have paid for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this ca since the money for th
e programme came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.
A cond possibility is that the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the authors, but the schools surveyed had been using the scheme's computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade maths scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the u of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps wor) than other teaching methods.
The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that "the costs are clear-cut and the benefits are murky." The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way to make their ca is, surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who u computers and teachers who u other methods, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.
吝啬鬼什么意思 注(1)：本文选自Economist;10/26/2002, p74;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象是1999年真题text4(1, 2, 3, 4)和text1第4题(第5题);
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that __________________.
be cruel to be kind
[A] motion picture has revolutionized education system
[B] Edison’s prediction has been proved wrong
[C] Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screens
[D] schools are cautious about Edison’s idea
权威留学中介 2. Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the following except _______________.
[A] comparing the test scores of students in different age groups
[B] interviewing teachers about their teaching methods
[C] launching the computer program in many Israeli schools
[D] explaining students’ school performance
3. According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didn’t make
improvement in their test scores becau______________.
[A] other aspects of education were affected due to cash shortage专四成绩查询
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[B] it was not long enough for the program to take effect
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[C] there was a negative relationship between computer u and test scores
[D] the u of computer was no better than other teaching methods
俄罗斯9岁模特 4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________________.
persistence [A] there hasn’t been a proper study on this issue yet
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[B] school authorities should provide proof to support the computer program
