专题三：形容词及副词用法及辨析
知识梳理：
形容词和副词我们在中考复习时要掌握三方面的内容：
①原级；②比较级；③最高级
一、形容词
形容词修饰名词/高考英语口语考试不定代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。一般放所修饰名词前作定语，也可独立作表语/宾补等
1、作定语： ① This is an interesting story. ② Kitty is a clever cat.
2、作表语： ① Yao Ming is very tall. ② Our classroom is big and bright.
3、作宾补： ① don't make your hands dirty. ② We're trying to make our school beautiful.
△ 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在这些词后。 例如：something important
二、以-ly结尾的形容词
1、大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，仍为adj。
2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
① The Times is a daily paper. ② The Times is published daily.
三、用形容词表示类别和整体
1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry。
2、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chine.
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别）shithole什么意思
1 a small round table
2 a tall gray building
3 a dirty old brown shirt
4 a famous German medical school
5 an expensive Japane sports car
五、形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-estcustomer | tall(高的) great(巨大的) | taller greater | tallest greatest |
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st | nice(好的) ； large(大的) | nicer；larger | nicest； largest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾辅音字母，再加-er，-est | big(大的) hot (热的) | purcha是什么意思 bigger hotter | biggest hottest |
mirror是什么意思以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est | easy(容易的) busy(忙的) | easier busier | easiest busiest |
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。 | important(重要的) easily(容易地) | more important more easily | most important most easily |
| | | |
2、 不规则变化
原级 | 弓箭手英文 比较级 | 最高级 |
good(好的)；well(健康的) | catherinebetter | best |
bad (坏的)；badly；ill(有病的) | 在线翻译 汉译英wor | worst |
old (老的) | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
much/many(多的) | more | most |
little(少的) | less | least |
far (远的) | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
心理医生英文 | | |
副词
是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。
分类：
时间副词（now, today, early, sometimes, already等）；
地点副词（outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home等）；
方式副词（quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily等）；
程度副词（very, quite, rather, too, much, so等）；
疑问副词（when, where, why, how, how long, how often等）；
关系副词（when, where, why, how等）
as+形容词或副词原级+as
1、在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as... He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2、当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词； as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
3、用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
4、倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + of
① This bridge is three times as long as that one.
② This bridge is three times the length of that one.
比较级形容词或副词+than
They lights in your room are as bright as tho in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
2、It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
☆ 可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, many, a lot, still, even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
兼有两种形式的副词
（1）clo与cloly ，clo意思是"近"； cloly 意思是 “仔细地”
He is sitting clo to me.
Watch him cloly.
（2）high与highly，high表示空间高度； highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your idea.
（3）wide与widely ，wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是 “广泛地”
He opened the door wide.
English is widely ud in the world.
（4）hard与hardly，hard表示刻苦地，艰辛地；hardly意思是 “几乎不”
He works hard.
He can hardly understand what I said.
巩固训练
1. ---I really can’t believe such a learned man has made so silly a mistake.
---Don’t you know_______ n is worth more than knowledge.
A. general B. unusual C. special D. common
答案：D
解析：形容词词义辨析
---我真不敢相信这么有学问的人会犯这么愚蠢的错误。
---难道你不知道常识比知识更有价值吗？
common n常识
2. ---Look at Sandy. How pale she looks!
---Well, she never eats ________ and that’s why she is not healthy.
A. rapidly B. properly C. completely D. smoothly
答案：B
解析：---看看桑迪。她脸色多苍白啊!
---嗯，她从来不好好吃饭，这就是她不健康的原因。
properly adv. 适当地；正确地；恰当地。eat properly饮食恰当
介词的用法3. Mr. Black is very happy becau the clothes made in his factory have never been________.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
答案：B
解析：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从来没有像现在这样受欢迎。
