赠暑期热爱学习的同学们
学英语真好玩，一百符号要记全；
字母共计五十二，大写、小写各一半；
音标共计四十八，元音二十，辅音二十八；
学英语，很容易，听说读写和翻译；
多模仿，多记忆，早读晚听别忘记；
只要坚持有毅力，考试定能取得好成绩；
理想大学属于你，将来必定成大器。
在初中各门学科中，英语是最容易两极分化的学科，而词汇学习是学生学
英语的一道“门槛”。可以说如果学生学会了如何记忆单词，那么，他就掌握了学习英语特别有利的途径。许多学生因为词汇量小，看不懂课本，听不懂录音，听不懂老师讲课，一些练
习无法做，从而丧失了学习英语的兴趣和信心。因而要多运用音标等多种途经加强对单词的识记至关重要。
一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [dʒi:] H h [eitʃ]
I i [ai] J j [dʒei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əʊ ] P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dʌbəlju:]
X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed]
二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eitʃ] [dʒei] [kei]
2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [dʒi:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′dʌbəlju:]
5) 含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
6) Don’t forget Oo /əʊ/ and Rr/ɑ:/
三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。
不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前；an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词，一
般发元音，但有些就不是，如字母Uu, 单词uful, university, European等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音，但有些就不是，如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如：1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr
an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ erar / ID card/ 11-year-old boy；
an hour [′aʊə] 一小时，an honest man一个诚实的人（这儿的h不发音）
an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩 an egg an erar
2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a uful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书（这儿u第一个音发/ j/）a university[ju::nɪ′vɜ:sɪtɪ] 一座大学 a European[′ju:rəpɪən] man 一位欧州人如：There is an “r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”.
He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour.
I eat an apple and a pear every day.
四、英语国际音标表（48个）
元音 (20个) | 单元音(12个) sprit | 长元音 | [i:] | [] | [] | [u:] | [a:] | |
短元音 | [i] | [] | [] | [u] | [] | [e] | [] | |
双元音(8个) | [ai]a good year | [ei] | [i] | artisan[i] | [] | [u] | [] | [au] | |
辅音 (28个) | 10对(20个) | 清辅音 | [p] | [t] | [k] | [f] | [s] | [] | [ ∫ ] | [] | [tr] | [ts] |
浊辅音 | [b] | [d] | [g] | [v] | [z] | [] | [ ] | [ dʒ] | [dr] | [dz] |
鼻音(3个) | [m] | [n] | [] | |
似拼音(3个) | [h] | [r] | [l] | |
半元音(2个沈阳新东方) | [w] | [j] | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
前元音 | /i:/ | /ɪ/ | /e/ | /æ/ | | | | | | |
后元音 | /ɑ:/ | /ɒ/ | /ɔ:/ | /ʊ/ | /U:/ | | | | | |
中元音 | / ʌ/ | /ɜ:/ | /ə/ | | | | | | | |
双元音 | /eɪ/ | /aɪ/ | /ɔɪ/ | /əʊ/ | /aʊ/ | /ɪə/ | /eə/ | /ʊə/ | | |
爆破音 | /p/ | /b/ | / t/ | /d/ | / k/ | /g/ | | | | |
摩擦音 | 培训哪里好 /f/ | /v/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | / r/ | / h/ |
破擦音 | /ts/ | /dz/ | /tr/ | /dr/ | /tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | | | | |
鼻辅音 | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | | | | | | | |
舌侧音 | / ǀ/ | | | | | | | | | |
半元音 | / j/ | / w/ | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
五、国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
从音标到字母和字母组合
１、单元音： [i:]: ⑴e:he she me we the Chine Japane
wish you were here艾薇儿⑵ea:tea eat meat a
⑶ee:e tree meet green teen
⑷ei:receive
⑸ey:key
⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine
⑺eo:people
⑻ie:piece field believe thief
[ɪ]: ⑴a:orange cabbage
⑵ay:Sunday holiday
⑶e:begin English pretty cinema
⑷ey:monkey volleyball
⑸i:it is in big this
⑹y:city very sorry
⑺u:busy
⑻ui:build building
⑼ai:captain mountain certainly
[e]: ⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere
⑵ai:said paidmnu
⑶ay:says
⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk
⑸ea:bread head breakfast
⑹u:bury
[æ]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome
[ɑ:]:⑴a:class banana father after
⑵al:half palm calm
⑶ar:car far park arm star party
⑷au:aunt laugh
⑸ear:heart
[ʌ ]: ⑴o: come none love other mother another some money honey
⑵oo:blood flood
⑶ou:touch country enough young
⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton
[ɜ:]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard
⑵er:her term
⑶depresdir:first girl bird skirt sir third
⑷or在/ w/后:work word world wor worst
⑸ur:nur turn hurt Thursday
⑹yr:myrtle
⑺our:journalist journal
[ə]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China
⑵e:student open children different differently
⑶i:holiday April
⑷o:today welcome police
⑸u:minus autumn
⑹er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter
⑺or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor
⑻ar:sugar grammar
⑼re:metre tired fire
⑽ou:delicious previous
⑾ur:surpri Saturday
⑿our:colour
⒀ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature
⒁oar:cupboard
⒂yr:martyr satyr
[u:]:⑴ew:flew grew review blew threw
⑵o:do to who who whom
⑶oo:too zoo food pool boot school
⑷ou:soup group through
⑸u:blue glue June
⑹ui:fruit juice
⑺oe:shoe tightness
[ʊ]:⑴o:woman wolf
⑵oo:book look good foot
⑶oul:could would should
notatall是什么意思⑷u:put sugar full push
[ɒ]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what
⑵o:hot on not sorry dog
⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia
[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a:water
⑵al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk
⑶([w])ar:warm quarter war
⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught
⑸aw:draw saw law
⑹oor:door floor
⑺ore:more before
⑻or:or for short sport
⑼ou:bought brought thought fought
⑽our:four your
⑾awe:awe awed aweless
⑿oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard
⒀o:story
２、双元音：
[aɪ]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write
⑵y:my by why
⑶i(g):sign high light right
