194《英语语⾔学》答案
《英语语⾔学》练习题参考答案
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I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:
1.descriptive
2.place voicing.
3. Allophones
4. morpheme.
5. signifier and signified.
6. structure
onesweetday
7. diphthongs
8. accidental
9.Meaning and sounds
10. metalanguage.
11. interpersonal textual
12. tone
13. lexeme,
14. suppletives.
15.Semantics
16.Synonyms
II. Indicate the following statements true or fal. Put T for true and F for fal in the brackets:
( T ) 1. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as compod of sound image and referent.
( F ) 2. Chine is an agglutinating language.
( F ) 3. Not all vowels are voiced.
( T ) 4. If gments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.
( F ) 5. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.
( T ) 6. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.
( F ) 7. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.
( T ) 8. Language can be ud to refer to things real or imagined, past, prent or future. ( F ) 9. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.
( F ) 10. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.
( T ) 11. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution. ( T ) 12. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.
( T ) 13. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words. ( F ) 14. In the phras a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.
( F ) 15. The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds.
III. Multiple Choice
1.C
2.D
3.A
退出的英文4.B
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.A
IV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) then share: Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voiceless
1)[g] [z] [d]
2)[v] [h] [s]
3)[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]
4)[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]
5)[i:] [i] [u] [u:]
1.voiced
2. fricative
3. labial
4. alveolar
5. high, vowel
V. Transcribe the sound reprented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it.
Example: heat [i:] vowel front high
a)photo
b)write
c)car
d)actor
e)city
f)city
g)worry
tenderness是什么意思
h)yes
a)[f] voiceless labiodental fricative进气支管
b)[r] alveolar retroflex liquid
c)[a:] low back vowel
d) [k] voiceless velar stop
e)[i] lax high front vowel
f)[s] voiceless alveolar fricative
g)[w] labiovelar glide
h) [j] palatal glide
VI. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.
Example: vowel front high [i:]
1bilabial nasal [m]
2voiced labiovelar glide [w]
3literal liquid [l]
4voiced bilabial stop [b]
5front high lax [i]
VII. Pronounce the words key and core, ski and score, paying attention to the phoneme /k/. What difference do you notice between the first pair and the cond pair in terms of the phonetic features of the voiceless velar stop?
In pronouncing key, the voiceless velar stop is palatalized. In key and core, the stop is aspirated. In ski, the stop is also palatalized. In ski and score, the stop is unspirated. VIII. Consider the following words and answer the questions below:
a)finger
b)disgraceful
c)stepsister
d)psycholinguistics
e)antidistablishmentarianism
i.Tell the number of morphemes in each word.
ii.Underline the free morphemes in each word where possible to do so.
i) a) one b) three c) two d) four e) ven
ii)
f)
g)disgraceful
h)stepsister
i)
j)antidistablishmentarianis
IX. Identify the difference between a greenhou and a green hou, and the difference between
a sleeping car and a sleeping baby.
1) a greenhou, the stress is on green; a green hou, the stress is on hou.
Greenhou is a compound word; green hou is a noun phra.
A greenhou refers to a building with sides and roof of glass, ud for growing plants
that need protection from the weather, while a green hou refers to a hou who color is green.
2) a sleeping car, the stress is on sleeping; a sleeping boy, the stress is on boy.
A sleeping car means a car in which one can sleep. A sleeping boy means a boy who is sleeping. X. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration:
Allophone
图度
Allophones are actual realizations of a phoneme in different phonetic contexts. For example, the [l], the dark [] in deal, and the voiceless [] in slight are the realizations of the phoneme /l/. [] appears after vowels, [] after voiceless consonants, and [l] elwhere. The relation between the phoneme and its allophones can be shown in the following figure:
XI. Draw tree diagrams for the following two ntences:
1. A clever magician fooled the audience.
2.The tower on the hill collapd in the wind.
3.They can fish.
4.Pat found a book on Wall Street.
5.I saw the man with a telescope.
XII. Explain the ambiguity of the following ntences.
a.This is a beautiful girl’s dress.
b.Tho who went there quickly made a fortune.
c. A woman murderer
a. This is a dress for beautiful girls.
This is a beautiful dress for girls.
b. Tho who quickly went there made a fortune.
Tho who went there made a fortune quickly.
bathroom的音标c. A female murderer A murderer who has murdered a woman
XIII. Tell the process of word formation illustrated by the example and find as many words as you can that are formed in the same way.
(1)flu
(2)OPEC
(3)Nobel
(4)televi
(5)better (v.)
1. clipping
hero2. acronyming
3. eponyming
4. back formation
5. conversion
XIV. How would you read the phras in the two columns? What does each of them mean?
Column I Column II
a. The White Hou a white hou
b. a redcoat a red coat
c. a bluebird a blue bird
d. a lighthou keeper a light houkeeper
a) The Whit Hou is a proper noun, which is the estate of the American government. A
white hou refers to a hou which is painted white.
b) A redcoat refers to a British soldier who is in red coat. A red coat means a coat who
color is red.
c. A bluebird refers to a kind of bir
d. A blue bird means a bird who feathers are
中学英语作文
blue.
d. A lighthou keeper refers a keeper who keeps lighthous
e. A light houkeeper means
a houkeeper who is light.
XV. Explain the relation between bank1(the side of a river) and bank2(the financial institute). The relation between bank1 and bank2 is homonymy. They are two words which have the same sound and spelling but different meanings.
XVI. Identify the type of transitivity process in each of the following ntences.
(1)John washed the car.never say goodbye歌词
(2)John likes the car.
1. material
2. mental
傲骨贤妻第三季剧情
XVII.（答案略）
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I.Indicate the following statements true or fal. Put T for true and F for fal in the brackets:
( T ) 1. Pragmatics is concerned with speaker meaning.
( F ) 2. The reference of a deixis to a preceding expression is technically termed cataphoric reference.
II. Multiple Choice
1.___ A _____ .
2.___ B ___ .
3. ___ C ___ .
4. ___ B ___ .
5. __ C ___ .
6.___ A ___ .
