merry christmas什么意思Book Publishing（图书出版）
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Book Publishing, which accounts for about one quarter of total publishing industry revenues， is compod of two major ctors: educational/professional and trade (otherwi known as general interest）. Each ctor has a distinct consumer ba and financial-economics profile。 Revenue components by share are illustrated in Figure 2-1
图书unite的出版，约占总收入的四分之一的出版行业，是由两个主要行业：教育/专业贸易(也称为一般利息）。每个部门都有不同的消费群和vinecopypastefinancial—economics简介。收入的份额在图2 — 1
Educational/professional Relatively high operating margins and significant barriers to entry are characteristic features in the educational/professional gment. In addition， revenues tend to be predictably tied to demographic trends， and content can often be easily repackaged for delivery by electronic media or trough alternative distribution channels. This stands in contrast to trade/general publishing， which is hit-driven and thus inherently more volatile. On the educational side， sales to colleges amount to about half of revenues， whi
le the elementary and high school components, the “ElHi” gment， makes up the other half.
学历/专业相对较高的经营利润和重要的进入壁垒的特点在教育/专业市场.此外，收入往往是可预见的与人口趋势，内容往往可以很容易地重新传递的电子媒体或槽的分配通道。这一立场与贸易/一般出版，这是流行为主导的惯性,从而更加动荡。在教育方面，销售金额约半年高校收入,而小学和高中的成分,“中小学"的片段，让另一半。
学粤语Demographic changes affecting school enrollments can， of cour, be reliably predicted for as much as ten years into the future and can provide a solid ba from which to forecast demand for educational books and related material. But, also， which to forecast demand for educational books and related material. But, also， about half of the states， mostly in the south and West, purcha educational materials at the state level in a regular cycle of textbook adoption programs. In the procedures, state boards of education and adoption committees screen publishers’ offerings and determine which books will be approved for purcha and which should be replaced？
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dramatize人口结构的变化可以影响学校的入学率，当然，可靠地预测多达十年后的未来，可以提供一个坚实的基础，预测需求教育书籍和相关材料.但是，这也,需求预测教育图书及相关材料。但是，此外，大约一半的州,主要集中在南部和西部，购买教材，在国家一级的定期循环教科书选用程序。在这些程序中,国家教育委员会和通过委员会屏幕出版商祭和确定哪些书籍将批准购买和替换的？
Last， it ought to be noted that demand in the ElHi ctor is affected by the school funding environment at state and local levels, with the amount allocated to education somewhat dependent on local economic conditions and， occasionally， on political considerations at the federal level.
最后，应该指出，要求在中小学界是受学校资金的环境，在国家和地方各级，以数量分配给教育有所依赖于当地的经济条件，有时在政治上的考虑，在联邦一级.
In measuring demand for college textbook and professional material， demographics are destiny， but the rate of change in technology and in subject emphasis modulates the demographic trends （i。e., the more rapid the change, the more sales are stimulated).
quality assurancePricing， though, is generally not an important issue in ElHi， college， or professional gments， becau the cost of textbooks is typically small when compared to tuition and other education-related expens。
在衡量需求的大学教材和专业材料，人口的命运，但在技术变化速度和受重视调节人口趋势(即，更迅速的变化,更多的销售刺激）。定价，但是，通常是不重要的问题在中小学，大学,或专业领域，因为教科书的费用通常是小相比，学费和其他教育费用。
Trade The consumer area, however, prents a much different economic profile of demand and cost than that en on the educational/professional side. Given that the cost of manufacturing a hardcover trade book in quantity is rarely more than $2 to $3 a unit （and for paperbound, ＄1）， profitability will generally ri disproportionally to increasing unit sales. Also, as noted early, this gment is largely hit—driven and thus similar in character to the recorded music and video game business， where it often makes n to pay significant advances and royalty rates to the top content creators and to then spur demand by spending aggressively on promotion。 As with all such busin
ess， margins are， from year to year, apt to be volatile and to be affected by the cost of competing for top authors。
