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1. Q: What is the scope of linguistics?
The scope of linguistics can be illustrated as:
1) General linguistics: the study of language as whole. It deals with
the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
2) Phonetics: the study of sounds ud in communication.
3) Phonology: the study about how sounds are put together and ud
to convey meaning in communication.
nylon stocking4) Morphology: the study of the way in which
teacher是什么意思symbols/morphemes
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are arranged to form words.
5) Syntax: the study of the rules about the combination of words to
form permisible ntences.
6) Semantics: the study of meaning.
7) Pragmatics: the study of meaning in the context of u.
And the Interdisciplinary branches.
1) Sociolinguistics
fluctuation2) Psycholinguistics ……………
2. Q: What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?
Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar in veral basic
ways: firstly, modern linguistics is descriptive, it describes the language as it is; while traditional grammar is prescriptive, it
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prescribes the way language should be ud. Secondly, modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written.
Then, modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar also in that
it does not force languages into a latin-bad framework.
3. Q: What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are
allophones related to a phoneme?
A phone is a phonetic unit or gment.
A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive
value. It is an abstract unit. It is not any particular sound.
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edesignThe different phones which can reprent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that
phoneme.
4. Q: Explain with examples the quential rule, the assimilation rule
and the deletion rule?
1) Sequential rules form the letters as “k, h ,l ,j”into all possible
words in English. We might order them as: blik, klib, bilk, kilb. without other orders. So it indicates that there are rules that govern
the combination of sounds in a particular language. One special quential rule that……
2) Assimilation rule: it assimilates one sound to another by copyingppmm是什么意思
a feather of a quential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. For example: “illegal”, inlegal
3) Deletion rule: It can be stated as: delete a [g] when it occurs before
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a final nasal consonant. for example: “designation”, the [g] reprented by the letter “g”is pronounced, while in the word “sign”.
/g/ sound is deleted, becau it is followed by and ended with
the
nasal consonant /n/.纪念日英文
5. Q: What are the major types of synonyms in English?
There are five types of synonyms in English. They are dialectal synonyms--synonyms ud in different regional dialects; stylistics
synonyms –synonyms differing in style; synonyms that differ in their
emotive or evaluative meaning; collocational synonyms; mantically
different synonyms.
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6. Q: Explain with examples “Homonymy”, “Polymy”, and “Hyponymy”?
Homonymy (定义) …. It includes homophones(定义) (piece\peace) ,
homographs (定义) (bow v.\ bow n.) and complete homonyms (定义)
(scale n.\scale v.) .
Polymy means that the same one word may have more that one
meaning. For example: “table”, has at least ven meanings. Hyponymy means that the n relation between a more
general,
more inclusive word and a more specific word. For example: “furniture”is super-ordinate, its hyponyms are bed, table, desk,
dresr, wardrobe, ttee……
7. Q: How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which
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category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong? There are three types oppositions in meaning. They are gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms and relational opposites. “north\south”, “wide\narrow”and “poor\rich”belong to gradable
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antonyms; “vacant\occupied”and “literate\illiterate”belong to
complementary antonyms; “above\below”, “doctor\patient”and
“father\daughter”belong to relational opposites.
8. Q: How are ntence meaning and utterance meaning related, and
how do they differ?
The meaning of a ntence is abstract, and de-contextualized,
