孔玮全能语法课笔记
全能语法班
(一)建立英文思维
中英思维差异1
中:含蓄/好戏在后头英:直接/开门见山
中英思维差异2
中:主体性思维英:客体性思维
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken
riously.
译文:当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in posssion of
a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
译文:人们公认这样一个事实,一个有钱的单身男子一定想要娶个妻子。
中英思维差异3
中:形象表达法英:抽象表达法
家里已有五个孩子,全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。
As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
--(Lesson 45: The Power of the Press)
简单句的五大句型
1. 主谓:-You jump; I jump.
In youth, we learn.
In old age, we understand.
2. 主谓宾:I love three things, the sun, the moon and you. The sun for the day, the moon for the night, and you ,forever.
3. 主谓+双宾
- Plea do me a favor.
- Love gives us a fairy tale.
-直接宾语指的是与谓语动词发生直接联系的名词通常是物
-间接宾语指的是动作所指向的方向通常是人
give sb sth(sb.是间宾sth.是直宾)=give sth to sb
小学一年级英语上册视频
cook sb sth(sb.是间宾sth.是直宾)=cook sth for sb
4. 主+谓+ 宾+宾补
- I found the book easy.
-Love makes man grow up or sink down.
5. 主+系+表
系动词:linking verb(连接主语和后面的成分)
-You are my sunshine
(二)英文思维黄金法则
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1. 谓语单一原则
-一个简单句只能有一个谓语。
-如果要表达多个动作概念,有三种方式:
a. 连词
b. 非谓语动词
C. 从句
2. 句子分类:简单句,并列句,复杂句
Life is fragile, and evil is real, but courage triumphs. ——Bush
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars . ——Oscar Wilde
复合句
-复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
-主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
-从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导。
3. 如何在主从复合句中找到主句?
第一步:划出所有引导词。
第二步:引导词之后的第一个动词为从句谓语动词。
第三步:所有从句谓语动词找到之后,最后剩下的即为主语谓
语动词。
4. 引导词省略的情况:
-宾语从句的引导词that 经常省略
-定语从句的先行词如果在从句里做宾语时,引导词常省略。
(三)名词性从句
把完整的句子当名词使用在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语
时,就被称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句或同位语从句。
linker1. 名词性从句的引导词
-that: 无词义,在从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用。
-whether if : 是否有词义,不做成分,连接作用。
-who/whom: 谁;what: …;which: 哪一个
who: 谁的when: 什么时候
where: 什么地方why: 为什么
ico是什么
有词义,充当从句中的成分
2. 主语从句
What is worth doing is worth doing well. 凡事只要值得做,就值得做好。
主语从句的变体:
It is +形容词+that 从句
It is clear that……显然……
It is natural that……很自然……
It is fortunate that ……幸运的是……
It is likely that ……很可能……
affect用法It is a pity that……可惜的是……
It is no wonder that……难怪……
It is a shame that……遗憾的是……ahk
It is a common knowledge that …是常识
ovation主语从句的写作应用:
利弊作文结尾句
Whether …is blessing or cursing is a difficult question to answer, yet the
comfort or convenience that it brings will not be eliminated.
宾语从句:wide
当你身处困境的时候,就会知道谁是你真正的朋友。
When you are in trouble, you will find who your real friend is.
注意1:宾语从句要用陈述句语序。(主谓)
注意2: 形式宾语的阅读难点
主+谓+it+宾补+宾语从句
He made it clear that he oppod this project.
表语从句:
The question is whether the God really exists.
That was becau he was ashamed of himlf.
注意:whether 可引导表语从句,但if不可以。
becau 可以引导表语从句。
同位语从句:
一般修饰抽象名词,例如:truth, idea, news, information, hope
注意:逆向思维帮助化解阅读难度。
形式通常为:抽象n+that+陈述句
特殊引导词:whether, where, who, when
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The idea that he told me was true.
The idea that the number 13 will bring bad luck is true.
同从和定从的区别:
1. 同位语从句是名词后的完整句,
定语从句是名词后不完整的句子。
2. 同位语从句和其修饰的名词内容相等,
定语从句内容不相等。
nect同位语从句的写作应用:
1. The change in A largely results from the fact that B
A: 可替换为society,ideology(意识形态)…
B:完整的陈述句。
result from 还可替换为:due to, derive from, becau of
2. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…
它揭示了一个毋庸置疑的事实,那就是…
(四)语法综合应用及定语从句
一、语法综合应用
前三节课的语法重点:
1.简单句的五大句型。
2.简单句的重要结构:A of B
3.名词性从句(尤其是宾语从句)
4.两个名词是句子的天然隔断。
应用一:应用文投诉信的万能句型
1.I am writing to express my concern (dissatisfaction/ disappointment) about the
rvice of your restaurant.
2.We would like to draw the attention of the authorities concerned to