语法复习专题七——非谓语动词
一、 非谓语动词的分类
二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态
1、句法功能
种类 | 在句中的作用 |
不定式 to do | 主语 | 宾语 | 表语 | 定语 | 状语 | 补语 新视野大学英语4课文翻译 |
动名词 doing | 主语 | 宾语 | 表语 | 定语 | | |
分 词 | 现在分词doing | | | 服装设计 表语 | 定语 | 状语 | 补语 |
过去分词 done |
| | | | | | | |
2、时态、语态
形式 类别 | 时态 形式 | 时态概念 | 主动式 | 被动式 |
to do | 一般式 | 谓语动作之后 | 潜行的意思to do | to be done |
完成式 | 谓语动作之前 | to have done | to have been done |
进行式 学日语哪里好 | 与谓语动作 同时发生 | to be doing | × |
doing | 一般式 | 与谓语动作 几乎同时 | doing | being done |
完成式 | 杰克逊的歌谓语动作之前 | having done | having been done |
| 德国留学生的优势是什么done | | 发生了、完成了 | | done |
| | | | | |
三、非谓语动词的使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了英语音标教学视频非谓语动词。
Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。
1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to e me at once.
2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.
3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)
四、非谓语动词的用法
★ 非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义
• Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行
• Plea keep quiet in the reading room. 性质
• Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成
• We e fallen leaves on the ground. 完成steam什么意思
• Dresd in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态
• We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来
• We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的
表达意义：
动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质；
动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态；
to do：将来, 目的。
1、v-ing作非谓语动词
（1）作主语
Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.
Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。
_____________________________________________________________________
2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。
_____________________________________________________________________
（2）作宾语
Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news.
★ mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。
★ 在表示“需要” 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。
Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired.
Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________
2）他没有马上把消息告诉她。
_____________________________________________________________________
3）这种食物要煮过才能吃。
_____________________________________________________________________
（3）作表语
Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting.
Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）这个问题真的很令人困惑。
______________________________________________________________________
2）他的话很让人失望。
______________________________________________________________________
（4）作定语
Eg: China is a developing country.
The kite flying in the sky was made by him.
★ 位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。
如：a flying object
2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如: an object flying in the air
★ 美好的回忆英文如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。
如：the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼
Ex. 5: 请用v-ing作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。
_____________________________________________________________________
2) 在一中学习的学生数量大约为8000人。
_____________________________________________________________________
3) 这是一部让人感动的电影。
_____________________________________________________________________
（5）v-ing作状语
1） v-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作等。
★ 表时间
Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.
(When) hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
★ 表原因
Eg: Being poor, he couldn’t go to school.
Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.
★ 表方式或伴随
Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.
He sat there, reading a book.
The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
★ 表结果
Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
Her husband died, leaving her four children.
They fired, killing many people in the street.
★ 表条件
Eg: Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
2）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done
Eg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.
Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1) ____________ (not know) much French, they couldn’t make themlves understood when they were in Paris.
2) ________________ (finish) all work, they went home.
3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____ (say) nothing about the argument.
4) ___________ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
5) _______ (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
