企业库存管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
外文：
Zero Inventory Approachphenomenon可数吗
Managing optimal inventory in the supply chain is critical for an enterpri. The ability to increa inventory turns and the u of best inventory practices will reduce inventory costs across the supply chain. Moving towards zero inventory will result in effective inventory management in the business process. Inventory Optimization Solutions can be implemented easily using inventory optimization software. With Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, inventory can be updated in real time without product movement, scanning or human involvement. Companies have to adopt best practices to optimize operational process and lower their cost structure through inventory strategies.
Introduction With supply chain planning and latest software, companies are managing their inventory in the best possible manner, keeping inventory holdings to the minimum without sacrificing the customer rvice needs. The zero inventory concept has been around since the 1980s. It tries to reduce inventor
y to a minimum and enhances profit margins by reducing the need for warehousing and expens related to it.The concept of a supply chain is to have items flowing from one stage of supply to the next, both within the business and outside, in a amless fashion. Any stock in the system is caud by either delay between the process (demand, distribution, transfer, recording and production) or by the variation in the flow. Eliminating/reducing stock can be achieved by: linking process, making the same throughput rate on process, locating process near each other and coordinating flows. Recent advanced software has made zero inventory strategy executable.
"Inventory optimization is an emerging practical approach to balancing investment and rvice-level goals over a very large assortment of Stock-Keeping Units (SKUS). In contrast to traditional ‘one ‘one-at-a--at-a--at-a-time’ time’ marginal stock level
tting, inventory optimization simultaneously determines all SKU stock levels to fulfill total rvice and investment constraints or objectives".
Inventory optimization techniques provide a new logic to drive the system with information systems. To effectively manage inventory, business must also optimize the卡玛拉哈里斯
costs of buying, holding, producing, moving and lling inventory.
The objective of inventory optimization is to sustain minimal levels of inventory while providing the maximum possible levels of rvice. Supply Chain Design and Optimization (SCDO) is an inventory optimization solution which helps companies satisfy customer demands while balancing limitations on supply and the need for operational efficiency. Inventory optimization focus on modeling uncertainty and variability and minimizing the risks they impo on the supply chain.
Inventory optimization can help resolve total supply chain cost options like:
• In-hou manufacturing vs. contract manufacturing;
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• New supplier's cost vs. current suppliers' cost.
Companies can benefit from inventory optimization, provided they control their supply chain process and the complexity of supply chain. In ca the supply chain is very complex, besides inventory optimization, network design has to be ud to reap the benefits fully. This paper covers various inventory models that are available and then describes the technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and networking ud for the optimization of inventory. The paper als
o describes the software solutions available for achieving the same. It concludes by giving a few examples where inventory optimization has been successfully implemented.
Inventory Models
Hexagon Model
The hexagon model was developed due to the need to structure day-to-day work, reduce headcount and other inventory costs and improve customer satisfaction.In the first pha, operation strategies were established in alignment with inte-rnal customers. Later, continuous improvement plans and business continuity pl-ans were added. The five strategies ud were:
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forecasting future consumption,tting financial targets to minimize inventory costs, preparing daily reports to monitor inventory operational performance,studying critical success indicators to track the accomplishments, to form inventory strategic objectives and inventor-y health and operating strategies. The hexagon model is a combination of two triangular structures (Figure 1).
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The upper triangle focus on the soft management of human resources, customer orientation and supplier relations; the lower focus on the execution of inventory plans with their success criteria, continuous improvement methodology and business continuity plans.
The inventory indicators are: total inventory value, availability of spares, days of inventory, cost of inventory, cost saving and cash saving output expen-diture and quality improvement. The hexagon model combines the elements of the people involved in managing inventory with operational excellence (Figur2).
Managing inventory with operational excellence was achieved by reducing the number of employees in the material department, changing the mix of people skills such as introducing engineering into the department structure and reducing the cost of ownership of the material department to the operation that it supports.
Normally, this is implemented with reduction in headcount of material department, having less people with engineering skills in the department. Operation results include, improvement in raw material supply line quality indicators, competitive days of inventory and improved and stabilized spares availability. And the financial results include, increa in cost savings and reduced cost of inventory. It can be established by outsourcing some of the inventory functions as required. The level of efficiency of the inventory managed can be measured to a specific risk level, changing requirements or changes in the environment. Just-In-Time (JIT)rotten com
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Just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a concept developed by the Japane, wherein, the suppliers deliver the materials to the factory JIT for their processing, eliminating the need for storage and retrieval. The rate of output and the rate of supply of inputs are synchronized, to manage a zero inventory.
The main benefits of JIT are: t up times are significantly reduced in the factory, the flow of goods from warehou to shelves improves, employees who posss multiple skills
hero的意思are utilized more efficiently, better consistency of scheduling and consistency of employee work hours, incread emphasis on supplier relationships and continuous round the clock supplies keeping workers productive and business focud on turnover.
And though a JIT system might even be a necessity, given the inventory demands of certain business types, its many advantages are realized only when some significant risks like
delays in movement of goods over long distances are mitigated.
Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) is a planning and management system in which the vendor is resp
onsible for maintaining the c ustomer’s inventory levels. VMI is defined as a process or mechanism where the supplier creates the purcha orders bad on the demand information. VMI is a combination of e-commerce, software and people. It has resulted in the dramatic reduction of inventory across the supply chain. VMI is categorized in the real world
as collaboration, automation and cost transference.
The main objectives of VMI are better, cheaper and faster transactions. In order to establish the VMI process,management commitment,data synchronization,tting up agreements,data exchange, ordering, invoice matching and measurement have to be undertaken.The benefits of VMI to an organization are reduction in inventory besides reduction of stock-outs and increa in customer satisfaction. Accurate information which is required for optimizing the supply chain is facilitated by efficient transfer of information. The concept of VMI would be successful only when there is trust between the organization and its suppliers as all the demand information is available to the suppliers which can be revealed to the competitors. VMI optimizes inventory in supply chain and reduces stock-outs by proper planning and centralized forecasting.
Consignment Model
Consignment inventory model is an extension of VMI where the vendor places inventory at the customer’s location while retaining ownership of the inventory.The consignment inventory model works best in the ca of new and unproven products where there is a high degree of demand uncertainty, highly expensive products and rvice parts for critical equipment. The types of consignment inventory ownership transfer models are: pay as sold during a pre-defined period, ownership changes after a pre-defined period, and order to order consignment.
The issues that the VMI and consignment inventory model encounter are cost of developing VMI system, invoicing problems, cash flow problems, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) problems and obsolete stock.
Enabling Practices
