第十一章 论说文的翻译
论说文又叫议论文，一有白话和文言之分，二有书面和口头之别。当今的翻译工作，主要是处理用现代汉语写成或讲出的政论文，即白话政论文。本章以此为重点，并简要介绍文言论说文的英译问题。
第一节 第一节 政论文的翻译
一、政论文一般具有如下文体持点：
首先，不论是社科论著、文献资料还是报刊社论，用词一般都较规范、严谨、庄重。
其次，政论文逻辑严密，说理性强。由于政论文旨在解析思想，阐发论点，辩明事理，展开论争，因此内容往往较复杂，句式结构变化多样，作者在陈述自己的观点时总是力求周密、深入，重整体布局，重修辞。
请仔细阅读下文及其英译，注意领会政论文的文体特点。
岁月悠悠，沧桑巨变。历史是最生动的教材。法西斯发动的侵略战争给人类带来了浩劫，也教育了世界人民。世界人民赢得了战争的胜利，赢得了和平与进步。半个世纪过去了，痛苦的回忆，胜利的喜悦，深深的思考，使人们更加清醒。
历史证明，和平来之不易。世界大战的悲剧绝不能重演。必须经常保持高度警惕，不断发展和壮大和平力量，遏制和消除导致战争的一切因素。
历史表明，人民终究是自己命运的主人，是社会前进的推动者。凡是正义的和进步的事业必然要胜利，这是任何力量也扼杀不了和阻挡不住的。
gotta get that
分析：这段文字选自江泽民主席1995年5月在莫斯科卫国战争纪念馆揭幕式上的讲话。讲话措辞严谨，层次分明，生动有力。
下面请看译文：
As time moves on, everything changes in the world. History is indeed the most vivid textbook. War of aggression launched by fascists has brought scourges to mankind, but also enlightened people throughout the world. People have not only won the war but also achieved peace and progress. Half a century later, the painful memories, joy of victory and soul-arching pondering have made people more sober-minded.
april缩写 History has demonstrated that peace has not come about easily. The tragedy of a world war shall never be allowed to repeat itlf. One must always maintain sharp vigilance, develop and strengthen forces for peace and check and eliminate all factors leading to war.
History has demonstrated that people are, in the end, masters of their destiny and powerful forces promoting social progress. Anything that is just and progressive is bound to win, and cannot be smothered or stopped by any force.
二、政论文的翻译
学习韩语做好政论文的翻译，要多注意以下几点：
（新东方冬令营1）了解文章的写作意图及写作背景；
（2）透彻理解原文，准确把握词义，慎重选词择句；
（3civi）通读原文全文，抓住中心论点，分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉络，理清作者逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法；
（4）弄清作者的立场、观点，搞清文章的出发点，力避歪曲事实。
请阅读下面一段文章：
1990the love年以来，美国等西方国家无视中国政治稳定，经济发展，社会进步，民主与法制日益完善，人民生活水平不断提高的事实，在联合国人权委员会连续五次抛出反华提案，粗暴干涉中国内政，企图破坏中国稳定，遏制中国发展，进而改变中国的发展道路和社会制度。他们四处游说，多方施压，以图达到其不可告人的目的。但是，在中国和广大亚非拉发展中国家及其他主持正义国家的坚决反对和抵制下，西方的反华图谋连续五次遭到挫败。这不仅是中国的胜利，也是广大发展中国家和国际正义力量维护《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则的胜利。（国务院新闻办公室《中国人权事业的进展》1995）
分析：这段文章逻辑性强，结构严密，论据确凿，严厉地回击了美国等西方国家妄图借人权问题干涉中国内政的图谋。翻译时应立场坚定，义正辞严，在透彻理解原文的基础上，慎重选词组句。
请看译文：
Since 1990, the United States and some other western countries, disregarding China’s political stability, economic development, social progress, daily perfection of democracy and the legal system and constant improvement of people’s living standards, have concocted five anti-China proposals at the United Nations Human Rights Commission, wantonly interfering in China’s internal affairs by trying to change China’s development path and social system through sabotaging its stability and preventing it from going forward. They have gone everywhere to ll their ideas and impo pressure from various aspects so as to reach their sinister political purpos. However, under the resolute opposition and resistance of China, the vast number of developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and other countries that support justice, all five anti-China plots of the West have failed. It is a victory not only for China, but also for the vast number of developing countries and international justice forces in developing the purpo
s and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. (From The Progress of Human Rights in China)
练习（见教材第324～325页）
第二节 文言论说文的翻译
在我国文化宝库中，有不少精美的篇章是用文言写成的论说文。这些文章评论国事、家事、天下事，结构严谨，节奏有力，言简意赅。本节介绍几个片段的英译，旨在再次提醒读者对中华民族的这部分文化遗产的重视，认真对待其发掘、整理、翻译、出版等工作。
就文言论说文的翻译而言，它同文言叙事文和描写文的翻译一样，需要首先解决正确理解的问题。解决这个问题，就要在文言文的字法和句法上下功夫，尤其要弄清文言虚词的意义及用法（请参阅第六章第五节），分清文言文与白话文在句法结构上的差异。第二步就是遵循汉英翻译的基本原则和方法，再现原文的意义、风格和神韵。下面提供几段译例，以便学生在教师指导下进行分析和研究。
1. 子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名？君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”(《论语》)笨蛋的英文
The master said, “Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they have to be removed in an improper way, a gentleman can never relea himlf from them. Once a gentleman parts with benevolence, how can he achieve his fame? Never for a moment could he go against be
nevolence. He should cherish benevolence all the time, even when he is in a great hurry or wanders about in a desperate plight.” (Tr. Li Tianchen, et al鼹鼠的英文.)
绯闻女孩第三季百度影音2. 虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学，然后知不足；教，然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也，知困，然后能自强也。故曰，教学相长也。
Even when there is good food, you will not know its deliciousness, if you don't taste it; even when there is a good doctrine, you will not know its virtue, if you don't learn it. Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know our difficulties. Having realized our deficiency, we may then come to reflect; having known our difficulties, we may be able to strengthen ourlves to overcome them. So we say, to teach is to learn.
3. 咫尺天涯，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同袍，苏京把晤。往
事历历在目。惟长年未通音讯，此诚憾事。近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。又过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。(廖承志1982年7月致蒋经国公开信love paradi)
译文I：No one ever expected that a strip of water should have become so vast a distance. It is now 36 years since our brief rendezvous in Nanjing. From our childhood friendship to our chats in the Soviet capital, everything in the past is still alive in my memory. But it's unfortunate that we haven't heard from each other for so many years. Recently I was told that you are somewhat indispod and this has caud me much concern. Men in their 70s are often afflicted with illness. I sincerely hope that you will take good care of yourlf. （新华社英译电讯稿）
