第六讲——英汉互译讲义三 翻译技巧 第二节 转换 Conversion 一、 名词的转换 1． He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。 评析：此句谓语动词为admires,其他用的是过去分词(stated)、动词性名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)。汉语没有词性变化，但可以几个动词连用。在本句中，“decision”转化成动词“决心”。 2． My admiration for him grew more. 我对他越来越钦佩。 评析：“admiration”巧妙地和后面动词“grew more”结合在一起，转化成动词。 penang3． Indo-China is a drain on French resources. 印度支那战争不断地消耗法国的资源。 评析：“drain”也只能译成“消耗”，否则无法成句。 4． The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren dert countries. 直译：国际粮食的缺乏对科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家产生了一种直接的影响。 改译一：由于世界普遍粮食缺乏，这就直接影响到科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家。 改译二：全球性食品短缺现象直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。 评析：直译按照原词性翻译显得僵硬，改译一变换了许多词的词性，把原来的主语部分变成了原因状语成分，使整个句子灵活。改译二则只将“a direct impact on”动词化，显得更简洁。 5． It’s mighty to make him work Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he hates work more than anything el, and I’ve got to do some of duty by him, or I’ll be ruination of the child. 要说星期六别的孩子都在过假日你让他干活儿很难倒还罢了，可他压根儿就恨透了干活儿，比什么都恨，我真的是看不过去，非尽些责任不可，要不我非把这孩子毁了不可。 二、 形容词的转换 6．Perhaps she would prod at the straw in her clumsy impatience.——Sredni Vashtar 也许她会迫不及待地、笨手笨脚地翻弄那个草铺。 评析：“clumsy impatience”是移就格。“Clumsy”和“impatience”分别修饰谓语“prod at”。 7．Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利显然属于少数。 评析：“clear”跟它所修饰的名词没有语义联系，它是全句的修饰语，且有评论性质。 8．Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 oconnor 三、 介词的转换 9．He is a jovial giant, with a huge appetite for food, drink and women. 他生性乐观，身材魁梧，贪吃贪杯又贪色。 10．The man ran back down into the cellar. 那个男子跑了回来，进了地窖。 11．“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。 12．At the news they were quite surprid. 听了这消息他们感到十分惊奇。 黑豹党 四、副词的转换 13．He is the physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但心理健康。 评析：“Physically”和“mentally”都分别是限定副词，缩小、限定了表语的语义范围。英语通过词性手段限定了表语的范围，而汉语则是借助主题语限定评述语的范围。限定人、事或地域范围的主题语是范围主题语。在上述例句中，主题语是“他”，而“身体”和“心理”分别在评述语里做范围主题语。 五、非人称主体句的转换 英语中有大量非人称主体句，使用抽象名词或事物作主语。这种局式常带有拟人化修辞色彩，语气委婉、含蓄、结构严谨，言简意赅，是典型的英语句式。非人称主语句在翻译成汉语时，常必须在汉语中采用人称主语句。 14．Then came the struggle and parting below. Words refu to tell it.cid 接着是楼下告别时的忙乱，当时的情形真是难以言语形容。 评析：“难以言语形容”原文是“Words refu to tell it”，是个典型换个说法最好的例子。中文忌用事物做主语，现在把“words”换成了人，问题就解决了。 15．His failure made a mockery of the teacher’s great efforts to help him. 由于他考试不及格，老师辅导他的一番心血白费了。 评析：原主语转化为汉语的原因状语，将“teacher”一词拉出来做主语。 Exercis: 1． 英语名词转化为汉语动词 （1） An acquaintance with world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史对研究时事是有帮助的。 （2） The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star. 发明一样新菜要比发现一颗新星对人类幸福贡献更大。 （3） The beauty of the scenery baffles description. 景色之美，笔墨难以形容。 （4） There has been a tremendous expansion of nurries and kindergartens in both town and villages. 在城市和乡村，托儿所和幼儿园都在大量地增加。 （5） A view of the West Lake can be obtained from this hou. 从这所屋子可以看到西湖的景色。 （6） Before I was a genius, I was a drudge. 在我成为天才之前，我曾当过苦工。 （7） He is a lover of Chine painting. 他爱好中国画。 （8） He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker. 他倒是不抽烟的，可他爸爸却一支接一支不停地抽。 （9） He is a lot better actor than you think he is. 他演得比你所预期的要好得多。 2． 英语介词或介词短语转化为汉语动词 (10) I found him at his book when I came into the room. 我走进房间，看见他正在看书。 中国的英文怎么写(11) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. lend发展的道路是漫长的，但是我们已经坚定地走上这条道路。 3． 英语形容词转化成汉语动词 (12) We are not content with our prent achievements.我们不满足于我们现有的成就。 (13) They were suspicious and rentful of him. 他们不信任他，讨厌他。 情态动词(14) Husin was a puzzled man. 侯赛因茫然不解。 4． 副词转化为动词 (15) Sorry I wasn’t in when you rang me up. 很抱歉，你打电话来时，我不在。 5． 动词转化为名词 (16) The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two. 登陆的目的是要把该半岛一切为二。 (17) On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China. 他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。 (18) A well-dresd man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。 2015江苏高考英语答案6． 形容词转化为名词 (19) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. 他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 (20) All the wounded were nt to the hospital right away. 全体伤员立即送进医院了。 (21) They showed a sympathetic understanding of our problem. 他们对我们的问题表示同情和理解。 7． 名词转化为形容词 (22) I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。 (23) He was still more surprid at the singularity of the stranger’s appearance. 他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪，就更加惊异了。 (24) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of tho policies and firmly determined to pursue it. 我们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。 (25) He is a man of cool courage. 他是沉着果敢的人。 8． 名词用作表语形容词 (26) The garden-party is a great success. 游园会真是圆满极了。 (27) The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。 男士毛孔粗大怎么办(28) They say my story is a yawn. 人们都说，我的故事乏味的很。 9． 副词转化为形容词简爱txt (29) He was deeply impresd by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 (30) “I suppo boys think differently from girls”, he said. “恐怕男孩子的想法与女孩子的想法是不一样的。”他说。 10． 英语形容词转化为汉语副词 (31) At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door. 最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，大步走向门口。 11． 名词转化为副词 (32) He had the kindness to show me the way. 他好意地给我指路。 (33) I had the fortune to meet him. 我幸运地遇到了他。 (34) We found difficulty in solving the housing problem.我们感到住房问题难以解决。 12． 非人称主语转换成人称主语 (35) The thought of returning to his native land never derted him amid his tribulation. 在苦难中，重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕着。 (36) A look of pleasure came to her face. 她脸上显露出愉快的表情。 (37) The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous ri in labour productivity. 由于人们应用电子计算机，因此促使劳动生产率突飞猛进。 (38) Failure did not deter him from trying again. 他并不因为失败而放弃尝试。 (39) The design is foreign from my thoughts. 我头脑里没有这种打算。 (40) His words nt a quiver through my body. 听了他的话，我不禁打了一个寒战。 | ||
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