（1）人的语言和动物的语言有什么本质区别？1、人类语言的单位具有明晰性特点，动物语言是囫囵一团，不能分析的；
中国雅思网
（Units of human language with clarity the characteristics of the language of the animals isa group of wholeness, not analysis;）
2、人类语言的音义结合具有任意性特点；
（The sound and meaning of human language with any character;）
3、人类语言具有结构的二层性，可以以有限的单位组成无限的句子，动物的语言没有这种二层性；（Human language has a two-story structure, limited units to form infinite ntences, thistwo-story in the language of animals;）
4、人类语言具有开放性，它是一种开放系统，虽然音位数量有限，可是经组合与替换，可以构成无限的句子，开放性还体现在语言是随着社会的发展而发展的，不断产生新词，吸收外民族的词语，一些社会现象的消失，语言中相应的词也隐匿或消失，动物的语言没有这种变化；（Human language is open, it is an open system, although the phoneme a limited number of, but by the combination of replacement, it can be infinite ntences, openness is also reflected in the language with the development of social d
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evelopment, continue togenerate newwords, absorbing the words of foreign national, the disappearance ofsocial phenomena, language of the word occult or disappear, no such changes in the language of animals;）
5、人类语言具有传授性，它是可以传授的，掌握什么样的语言是后天学会的，动物的语言则是天生的，不需要学习；（T each human language, it can be taught to grasp what kind of language is learned theday after tomorrow, the language of animals are born, do not need to learn;）
6、人类语言不受时、地的限制，它可以表达过去的事情，也可以阐述未来的事情。（Human language is not to limit, it can express a thing of the past can also be explainedthe next thing.）
上述六个方面标志着人类语言与其他动物“语言”的本质区别；只有具备这些特征，才称得上人类语言。所以，语言是人类独有的交际工具。（The above six areas esntial difference between the marks of human language andother animal "language"; only with the characteristics, can be called human language.Therefore, the language is uniquely human communication tool.）
尽管蜜蜂可以用极其复杂的舞蹈，知告同伴花蜜的方位和距离；所有的动物都能以自己特殊的姿态或声音向同伴报告危险的来临或满足及痛苦的感受；有的灵长动物，如黑猩猩还能学会一些人类的手势语和特殊的符号语言。（Although the bees can be extremely complex dance, known divisions the co有道英语翻译器
mpanionnectar of the orientation and distance; dangerous the advent of all animals to specialgesture or sound to the companion report or to meet and painful feelings; someprimates, such aschimpanzees can learn
geography是什么意思human sign language and special symbolic language.）但是，没有一种动物，即便是脑结构和人类有极大的可比性的猩猩，能够象人类那样创造性地使用语言。尽管，经过严格训练的猩猩在特定的场合里能够使用其所学的“语言”。比如，见到主人做敬礼的动作。不过，这些条件反应式的语言使用离语言的创造性使用还相去遥远。（However, there is an animal, even brain structure great comparability of the orangutanand human, as human as the creative u of language. Although highly trained orangutanin a specific occasion to u what they had learned the "language". For example, to ethe action of the owner to do salute. However, the language of the conditions reactionto stray far away from the creative u of language.）
人类语言的创性是它有别于动物语言的根本标志。猩猩不会说人话，鸟不会唱人歌，这都是由物种的生理特理所造成的差异，因为，猩猩和鸟不具有人类的发音器官，不能象人类那样发音是理所当然的。但是，关键的问题在于，动物只能表达与其本能相联系的或出现于眼前的事物和情景。（The creator of the human language is a fundamental symbol of it is different from thelanguage of the animals. Apes do not, then the bird does not sing people songs,differences are caud by species p
fileuploadhysiological special reason, becau, orangutansand birds do not have the human vocal organs, not like human beings, as thepronunciation is a matter of cour. However, the key problem is that the animal can only express its instinct linked to or appear in front of things and scenarios.）而不能象人类那样表达抽象的，复杂的，非眼前的情景：能够在不同的条件下使用不同的表达方式；同一种内容可以用不同的方式来表达；可以是坦诚相见地直抒已见，也可以委婉其辞，甚至装腔作势等等。大猩猩不具备人类这些语言能力中的任何一项。因此，它们的语言，是不具创造性的。（Abstract, complex, non-front of the scenario: can under different conditions using thedifferent expression of the way and not like a human expression; with the kind of contentcan be in a different way to express; ca n be frank to each other to directly expressalready e, alsocan tactful in their statements, even posturing. The gorillas do not haveany one of the human language ability. Therefore, their language, non-creative.）
人类语言和所谓动物“语言”的根本区别
▪动物之间也是可以交际，但这种交际只限于表达一些低级的情感，如高兴、威吓、屈从等等。动物不会抽象思维，当然也就不需要也不可能使用语言。（Can communication between animals, but this communication is confined to the expression of some low-level emotional, such as happy, intimidation, and obedience, etc.
The animal does not abstract thinking, of cour, there is no need and can not u the language.）
▪即使从人的语言和动物的“语言”的特征来看，两者之间也是有本质的差别的：（From the characteristics of human language and animal "language" between the two is also the esnce of the difference:）
人类的语言：功能、构造、习得（Human language: the function, construction, acquisition）
▪ 1.功能的开放性（Function of the open）
▪无限
▪巧妙：“很好”、“不错”、“难道是不好的吗？”；反语；熟语（何家姑娘嫁郑家——）
▪（1）人类语言可通过替换和组合构成无限多的句子。（Human language by replacing the combination of an infinite number of ntences.）
▪而动物的“语言”只是一种封闭的系统，它所传递的信息是固定的，是受到动物本身所受刺激的限定的。人的语言甚至不仅可以有表面意义，还有“言外之意”。（Animal "language" is just a clod system, it is the message is fixed, by the animals themlves suffered stimulate qualified. Human language is not even the surfacemeaning of "implication".）
（2）不受时、地环境的限制。动物的“语言”是受到刺激后在一定的环境下发出的，特别是不能回顾过去也不能设想未来。而人的语言则可以由古到今，由具体到抽象，由现实到虚幻，不受时、地环境的限制。（Not subject to environmental restrictions. Animal "language" is issued in certaincircumstances by stimulation, especially not to the past can not imagine the future.Human language from ancient to today, from concrete to abstract from reality to illusion,not subject to environmental restrictions.）
▪ 2.构造的灵巧性（Constructed dexterity）
▪人的语言是由底层和上层构成的，而动物的“语言”根本就不能分成明晰的单位，当然就更谈不上具有二层性了。（The human language is constituted by the bottom and the upper animal "language"simply can not be divided into clear units, of cour, let alone has a two-story nature.）
▪语音＝﹥语素→词→句子
▪（数十）（数千）（数万）（无穷）on the town
▪工作原理
▪（1）任意性→表意的广泛性
education是什么意思
▪（2）离散性→→表意的灵活性
covid 19英文全称怎么读▪（3）层级性→以少驭多
▪ 3.习得
▪习得指的是日常交际环境中通过自然的运用第一语言能力而逐步地、下意识地发展这种能力。
（Acquisition refers to the daily communication environment through the u of naturallanguage skills gradually and subconsciously develop this ability.）
▪语言习得是全人类均具备的通过遗传而得来的能力。人生来就具备一种天赋，或一种生物机制，使他们至少能习得一种语言。（Language acquisition is derived through genetic ability to all human beings posss. Are born with a talent, or a biological mechanism, so that they at least learned a language.）▪→传授性。人是从小逐渐学会语言的，而不是生来就会某种语言的。而动物的“语言”则是与生俱来的，不用学习的（T each x. The people grew gradually learned the language, rather than born to a language. Animal "language" is innate, not learning）
人的语言和动物语言有何不同？
2015考研国家分数线
简要说明语言符号的任意性和强制性。（01年大题）
中秋节英文祝福语
答：①任意性：语言符号的音与义之间没有必然的、本质的联系，它们的结合是由社会“约定俗成”的。（Not inevitable, the nature of contact between the arbitrary nature: the sound of language symbols and righteousness, a combination of them by social convention ".）表现：某种具体语言的音义结合关系；形成人类语言多样性的一个重要原因。（Performance: the sound and meaning of a specific language combination of the relationship; form an important reason for the diversity of human language.）②强制性：符号的任意性知识是就创制符号时的情形说的。（Mandatory: any knowledge of the symbols is the situation to create symbols that）符号一旦进入交际，也就是某一语音形式与某一意义结合起来，表示某一特定的现实现象以后，它对使用它的社会成员来说就具有了强制性。（Once the symbol to enter the communication, that is, a voice combine form and ameaning, to reprent a particular reality phenomenon, it us its members of societywho has a mandatory.）任何人不能借口任意性而随意改变音义之间的结合关系。符号的音义结合是社会约定俗成的，它们之间的关系改变也要由社会来决定（No one can excu any arbitrary change of the combination of the relationship betweensound and meaning. The symbol combination of sound and meaning is a socialconvention, changes in relationships between them should be decided by the community）
