古汉语选译
一、填空题 1’*10=10
acg是什么意思
基础知识 ①红楼梦、论语、老子的译者
《论语》主要译者有理雅格、亚瑟·韦利、刘殿爵、埃兹拉·庞德、辜汤生（辜鸿铭）、许渊冲
《老子》最早的英译本出现在19世纪70年代前后，外国译者有巴尔弗、理雅格、韦利英文圣诞祝福语等。中国译者有胡泽龄、吴经熊、林语堂、辜正坤等。本课程主要选取理雅格、韦利、辜正坤的译文作为素材。
《红楼梦》1.杨宪益，翻译家、外国文学研究专家、诗人，翻译的作品有：《红楼梦》、《离骚》、《老残游记》，等等。
戴乃迭，love and other drug杨宪益夫人，翻译家，毕业于牛津大学。生于北京，7岁回英国，父母是来中国的英国传教士。曾在牛津大学留学。
2. 大卫·霍克斯
1945 -1947 牛津大学研读中文
1948-1951 北京大学研究生
1959- 1971 牛津大学中文教授
霍克斯用了10年的时间，翻译了前八十回，分别在1973、1977、1980年出版了英文版《红楼梦》分册，最后四十回，由霍克斯的女婿汉学家闵福德完成。西方世界第一部一百二十回《红楼梦》全译本因此诞生。
② 典籍英译是从语内翻译到语际翻译的二度翻译。首先应强调理解再去表达。
③ 老子的道法论、政治观。
道法论即老子的方法论，可以说代表着中国古典哲学的最高成就。
1） 自然而然之法
2） 对立统一法
3） 否定之否定法
4） 质量转换法
政治观 1）无为2）不尚贤3）愚民4）小国寡民
二、句子翻译题 3’*10=30
《论语》
1.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知，而不愠，不亦君子乎？”
The Master said, "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?”
2.曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身 — 为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”
今译：曾子说：“我每天多次自己反省：替别人办事是否尽心竭力了呢？同朋友交往是否诚实呢？老师传授我的学业是否复习了呢？”
The philosopher Zeng said, "I daily examine mylf on three points: whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; whether, in intercour with friends, I may have been not sincere; whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher."
3.子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”
今译：孔子说：“别人不了解我，我不急；我急的是不了解别人。”
The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."
4.子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”
今译：孔子说：“我十五岁，有志于学问；三十岁，（懂礼仪，）说话做事都有把握；四十岁，[掌握了各种知识,]不致迷惑；五十岁，得知天命；六十岁，一听别人言语，便可以分别真假，判明是非；到了七十岁，便随心所欲，任何念头不越出规矩。”
Confucius remarked, “At fifteen I had made up my mind to give mylf up to rious studies. At thirty I had formed my opinions and judgment. At sixty I could understand whatever I heard without exertion. At venty I could follow whatever my heart desired without transgressing the law.”
5.子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”
今译：孔子说：“在温习旧知识时，能有新体会、新发现，就可以做老师了。”
The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.”
6.子曰：“君子不器。”
今译：孔子说：“君子不像器皿一般[只有一定的用途]。”
A man of virtue should not be like an implement / utensil made only for specific u.
7.子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”
今译：孔子说：“只是读书，却不思考，就会受骗；只是空想，却不读书，就会缺乏信心。”
The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous."
8.子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”vitalsign
今译：孔子说：“几个人一块走路，其中便一定有可以为我所取法的人：我选取那些优点而学习，看出那些缺点而改正。”
The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may rve me as my teachers. I will lect their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them."
罗宾 威廉姆斯
9.曾子曰：“士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远 …… 。”
今译：曾子说：“读书人不可以不刚强而有毅力，因为他负担沉重，路程遥远 ……。”
sanitationThe philosopher Zeng said, “The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his cour is long. …”
10.子在川上，曰：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。”
今译：孔子在河边，叹道：“消逝的时光像河水一样呀！日夜不停地流去。”
The Master standing by a stream, said, "It pass on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"
11.子夏曰：“仕而优则学，学而优则仕。”
unicode是什么今译：子夏说：“做官了，有余力便去学习；学习了，有余力便去做官。”
Zi Xia said, "The officer, having discharged all his duties, should devote his leisure to
learning. The student, having completed his learning, should apply himlf to be an officer."
12.子曰：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。”
厉害英语
今译：孔子说：“天冷了，才晓得松柏树是最后落叶的。”
The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lo their leaves."
《老子》
1.道可道，非常“道”；名可名，非常“名”。“无”，名天地之始；“有”，名万物之母。
今译：可以用言词表达的道，就不是常“道”；可以说得出来的名，就不是常“名”。“无”，是天地的本始；“有”，是万物的根源。
The Tao that can be expresd in words iknowledge is powers not the true and eternal Tao; the name that can be uttered in words is not the true and eternal name. The word Nothingness may
be ud to designate the beginning of Heaven and Earth; t郑州雅思he word Existence (Being) may be ud to designate the mother of all things.
2.天下皆知美之為美，斯恶已。皆知善之為善，斯不善已。
今译：天下都知道美之所以为美，丑的观念就产生了；都知道善之所以为善，不善的观念也就产生了。
The whole world knows the beautiful as beautiful, hence the existence of the ugly; the whole world knows the good as good, hence the existence of the bad.
3.知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。知足者富。强行者有志。不失其所者久。死而不亡者寿。
今译：认识别人的是机智，理解自己的才算高明。战胜别人的是有力，克服自己的才算刚强。知道满足的就是富有。努力不懈的就是有志。不迷失本性的就能长久。身死而不被遗忘的是真正的长寿。
He who knows others is wi;
He who knows himlf is clever;
He who conquers others is forceful;
He who conquers himlf is powerful;
He who knows contentment is rich;
He who perveres is a man of will;
He who does not lo his root can endure;
He who Tao survives him is long-lived.
4.反者道之动；弱者道之用。 天下万物生于有，有生于无。
今译：“道”的运动是循环的；“道”的作用是柔弱的；天下万物生于“有”，“有”生于“无”。
Cycling is the movement of Tao; being weak is the function of Tao. All things of the w
orld are born from Existence (Being), and Being from Nothingness.
