虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
第一节虚拟语气的基本概念
一、虚拟语气的含义
语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话人的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气，虚拟
语气是其中之一，表示主观愿望、可能性、假想的非真实情况等。另外三种语气分别是
陈述语气、疑问语气和祈使语气。
二、虚拟语气的特点和功能
continental airlines1、表明非真实情况，即某种与事实相反或者难以实现的情况，或者表达说话人的主观愿望。
A. If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
要是没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
B. I would rather that she had not gone to the party．我宁愿她没去参加那个晚会。
2、强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意义。
A. It is suggested that parents(should)spend more time with their children．建议父母要多陪陪孩子。
B. The workers demanded that their wages(should)be raid．工人们要求涨工资。
C. He insisted that the old man(should)be nt to the hospital．他坚持认为应该把老人送去医院。
encounter3、虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的形式变化实现的，特点是主从句时态往往不一致。
A. If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't be in trouble now．你要是听我的意见，现在就不会遇到麻烦了。
B. I wish I could have slept longer this morning，but I had to get up early to catch the train. 我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，但我必须早起赶火车。invalidargument
C. They were talking warmly as if they had known each other for years．他们在热烈地交谈，好像他们是多年的老相识似的。
三、虚拟语气的类型
1、用于条件句
A. If he had left for Beijing yesterday, he would get there now．如果他昨天动身去北京的话，他现在已经到那里了。
B. If I were you，I wouldn't talk like that．我要是你，就不会那样说话。
C. But for his help, we couldn't have arrived at the airport in time．要不是他帮忙，我们不可能及时赶到机场。
2、用于名词性从句
A. We are all for your proposal that the meeting should be put off. 我们都支持你推迟会议的建议。
B. It is surprising that they should kill the time like that．他们竟然这样打发时间，真是太奇怪了。
C. My classmates suggested that we(shouId)go to Beijing on the National Day．我们班同学建议国庆节去北京。
3、用于其他结构
A. If only she had asked her parents’advice!她要是征求了父母的意见就好了！
obamaB. He talks about Paris as if he had been there before．谈论起巴黎来他就像以前去过似的。
C. I would prefer he didn't stay there too long．我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
D. God bless you! 上帝保佑！
第二节虚拟语气的基本用法
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法obsd
1、用于非真实条件句中
英语中的条件句一般有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句，虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。其构成列表如下（would有时可换用should, could或might）：
类别 | 从句谓语形式 | 主句谓语形式 |
表示现在情况的虚拟条件句 | were／动词过去时 | would／should／could／might+动词原形 coin是什么意思 |
表示过去情况的虚拟条件句 | had+过去分词 | 2013四级would／should／could／might+have+过去分词 |
表示将来情况的虚拟条件句 | should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 过去时(be用were) | would／should／could／might+动词原形；偶尔用祈使语气或陈述语气 |
| | |
（1）表示和现在事实相反
1) If I were you, I would accept his apology, becau it's pointless to carry on being angry．如果我是你，我会接受他的道歉，因为继续生气是没有意义的。
2) I wouldn't work for them even if they paid me a million dollars．即使他们给我一百万美元，我也不会为他们工作。
（2）表示和过去事实相反
1) If the police hadn't arrived，I don't know what I would have done．如果警察没来，我真不知道当时该怎么办。
2) I should have talked to you if I had en you yesterday．如果我昨天见到了你，我会跟谈谈的。
3) If the ambulance had come earlier，the boy might have been saved．如果救护车来得早一点，这个孩子就可能得救了。
（3）表示与将来事实相反或实现的可能性不大
1) If the President were to resign, who would take his place? 如果总统要辞职，谁会来接替他?
2) If you should have any question about our product, you could make a phone call to us．如果对我们的产品有任何问题，您可以打电话给我们。
2、用于错综时间条件句中
若条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据所表示的时间来决定。通常条件从句讲的是过去的事情，主句讲的是现在的情况；偶尔条件从句讲的是现在或将来的情况，主句讲的是过去的事情。
高二英语教学反思1) If I had followed your advice，I wouldn't be so busy now．我要是听了你的建议，现在就不会这么忙了。（从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在）
2) If I were you，I would have gone to the film last night．我要是你，我昨晚就去看电影了。（从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去）
3) If he were leaving，you would have heard about it．如果他真的要走，你早就听到消息了。（从句虚拟将来，主句虚拟过去）
tippingpoint3、用于省去了if 的虚拟条件句中
虚拟条件句中如果有were，had或should等词时，可以省略if，但要把were，had，should放在主语之前构成倒装的虚拟条件句。
1） Were he(=If he were)younger, he would learn skating．如果他再年轻些，他会去学滑冰。
2） Had it not(=If it hadn't)snowed，the roads in the city would not be so slippery．如果没下雪，城市的道路就不会这么滑。
in esnce3） Should there be(=If there should be)a flood, what should we do?如果发生洪灾，我们怎么办?
3、用于无“条件”的虚拟语气中
这里的所谓无“条件”，指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if 或I wish 等引起的表示条件的句子，但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。这种条件可以用介词、形容词、动词、分词、不定式、定语从句获上下文等表示出来，只不过是为了行文的简洁，用跳层的方法把条件省掉罢了。表示无“条件”的词有with, without, but for, or, but, otherwi, even, in ca of, what if（如果…将如何）等。这种句子往往是有主句而无从句。例如：
（1）用 but for, under, with, without 等介词或介词短语引导虚拟条件句
1) But for your help, we could not have finished the work in time．要不是你们的帮助，我们绝不能及时完成这项工作。
2) We could have succeeded earlier under more favorable condition．如果条件更有利的话，我们可能会更早一些取得成功。
3) Without music，the world would be a dull place．如果没有音乐，世界会很沉闷。
(2) 由but, otherwi等引导虚拟条件句
1）Who but a fool would believe that? 除了傻瓜，谁会相信这个?
2) We didn't know his telephone number, otherwi we would have telephoned him．我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们早就给他打电话了。
