虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并非是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、疑心或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句的三种大体类型:
1.与此刻事实相反。假设与此刻事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通经常使用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:
If you took a taxi,you’d get there quicker. 若是你坐出租车去,你能够快一点到那里。(但你不坐) all about
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 若是我明白她的号码,我就能够够给她打了。(可惜我不明白)
accord是什么意思
2.与过去事实相反。假设与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:
If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 若是我早点起身,我就准时到了。(但我起身太迟了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 若是咱们那时早点找到他的话,咱们就能够够救活他。(可惜咱们找到他太晚了)
3.与以后事实相反。假设与以后事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通经常使用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: ddo
If he went,would you go too? 若是他去,你也去吗?(可能他可不能去)
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 若是我向他提出要求,确信他会帮忙咱们。(只是我不打算如此做)
大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情形的一种,但并非排除存在条件和后果中,一个和此
刻情形相反,另一个和过去情形相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.那个句子在高中显现频率颇高。
可是,若是后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
2. 除表示虚假条件外,if从句还能够表示对以后的推测,由于是以后尚未发生的,因此谈不上是真实的仍是虚假的,只能说那个情形发生的可能性有多大。一样情形下,能够用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个以后事实的推测,那个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一样过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away becau she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to e her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
3. 有时能够把含有助动词、、be或have的虚拟条件句中的if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时,若是显现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少利用,但几回出此刻各类考试中显现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yester
day, we could have played tennis.
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4. 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方式表达,但在个别句子中也能够通过without和介词短语but for表达,otherwi等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwi we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包括but for的句子,谓语动词必然要用虚拟形式,但包括without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必必然要用虚拟语气。
5. 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在包括在用but引导的从句里,于是便显现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句组成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在如此的句子里,若是主句没有效虚拟语气,或从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。aliciakeys
Ⅱ用在中的虚拟语气
1.用wish的虚拟语气:
虚拟语气通经常使用于wish后的宾语从句中,表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式:
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①对以后发生的情形表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+ 从句主语+would(could, might)+动词原形
eg:I wish she would try again.
我希望她能再试一次
②表示与此刻事实相反的愿望:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式
sayyousayme eg:I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子.
③对过去发生的情形表示遗憾或后悔时:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could have/had+过去分词
eg:I wish you had come to my birthday party.
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你若是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
* 从句的时态只与从句所指的时刻有关,与wish的时态无关。
2. 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propo, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,若是宾语从句的动词是不是定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词以后。例如:The head nur insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的形式作主语+,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that clasd be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行说明的中,如:The workers raid the demand that their pay be incread to cope with the inflation.
3. would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们以后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示此刻或以后,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
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