Chapterc2 合同 Contract
第一节 建筑合同的种类
Types of Construction Contract
一、按计价机制分类的合同 黑亮
(Contracts according to Pricing Mechanism)
（一）总价合同 / 包干合同 / 总包合同
(Lump Sum Contract)
承包商同意实施全部指定的工程，以获得一笔预先规定的总款项。 [kən'nt]
The contractor connts to execute the entire specified work for a stated total sum.
（二）成本补偿合同
(Cost Reimburment Contract)
雇主承诺支付承包商主要成本/直接成本，也就是施工中使用到的实际人工费、设备费、材料费。
The client undertakes to pay the contractor the prime cost: that is, the actual cost of labor, plant and materials utilized in the execution of the works.
除了直接成本外，承包商还被付有代替开办费和利润的一笔约定款额。
In addition to the prime cost, the contractor is paid an agreed sum to cover establishment charges and profit.
（三）单价合同 (Unit Price Contract)
即使没有给出合同价，但由于双方就适用于该工程的费率达成一致，因此对于成本是有一定控制的。
There 蚊蚋is some control over cost becau the parties agree on the rates which will apply to the work even though there is no contract sum.
（四）计量合同 (Measurement Contract)
在本合同协定下，工程的单价是可提前预算的，但总价只能到工程完工时估量、估价来确定。
Price of units of work under this contractual arrangement is pre-estimated but the total price cannot be ascertained until the work is measured and valued on completion. [æsə'teind]
计量合同协定可以通过近似工程量清单或单价表获得。
Measurement contractual arrangement can be procured on an approximate bill of quantities or schedules of rates.
施工中实际发生的费用 the actual cost incurred in the execution of the works
总价合同的价格可能是固定的也可能是浮动的。
The price for lump sum contracts may be fixed or fluctuating. ['flʌktʃueitiŋ]
由于时间或其他方面的原因
for reasons of time or otherwi
从业主的角度看
from the employer’s point of view
费用trampoline超支 cost overrun
二、按工程范围或承包方式分类的合同
(Contracts According To Scope of Work or Way of Contracting)
（一）管理合同 (Management Contract)
在这种合同协定下，雇主委任一个组织或一家公司（称之为管理承包商）来管理和协调工程的设计和建设阶段。
new beetleUnder this contractual arrangement, the client appoints an organization or a firm termed a
s the management contractor to manage and co-ordinate the design and construction phas of the project.
服务设施 rvice facilities
永久工程 permanent works
塔式起重机 tower crane
脚手架 scaffolding
以各分包合同包的形式
in subcontract packages
（二）设计-施工合同
(Contract for Design and Build)
这种合同协定使得一家公司或一个组织能够对某一建筑物的设计与施工负全部责任，承担
全部义务。
This contractual arrangement enables a firm or an organization to take full responsibility and carry sole liability for both the design and construction of a building.
在雇主确定他/她对某一建筑物的需求之后，他/她将根据实体设计需求及预期的实体使用充分声明其要求。
After the client identified his or her need for a building, he or she states the requirement adequately in terms of physical design need as well as intended physical u.
这种合同适合于标准的建筑物及工业系统（如工厂和仓库）。
This contract is suitable for standard buildings and industrialized庸人自扰翻译 system (e.g. factories and warehous) .
（三）一揽子交易/交钥匙合同 [ri'petətiv]
(恭喜英文Package Deals/Turnkey Contractmarry是什么意思)
“总承包合同，整套承包合同，全包式合同”
这种系统使用于工业、商业和重复建设的采购。
This system is employed in the procurement of industrial, commercial and repetitive buildings.
专用系统 proprietary system [prəu'praiətəri]
报刊广告 press advertiment
规划许可 planning permission
价格谈判，价格协商 price negotiation
（四）分项分包合同 (Separate Contract)
建筑师在雇主批准他/她的设计解决方案后执行工程的管理。
korea什么意思
The architect carries out the management of the project after the client has approved his
or her design solution.
建筑师代表雇主与一些被选定的工程承包商为各工程分项约定一些分项合同。
The architect arranges on behalf of the client a number of parate contracts with a lected number of works contractors for subdivisional work. 小风车翻译['sʌbdi,viʒənəl]
分项工程验收acceptance of subdivisional work
雇主直接与每个被选定的承包商签订合同。 The client enters into direct contract with each of the lected contractors.
第二节 建筑工程承包商
Construction Contractors
监管建设项目执行的建筑商传统上被称为承包商，或更似施工人员。
Builders who supervi the execution of construction projects are traditionally 记忆力的英文referred to as contractors, or more approximately called constructors.
总承包商协调一项工程各种各样的任务，专业承包商如机械、电力承包商履行他们专业上的工作。
The general contractor coordinates various tasks for a project while the specialty contractors such as mechanical or electrical contractors perform the work in their specialties.
材料和设备供应商经常作为安装承包商，他们在建设项目中担任重要的角色因为材料和设备的交货条件影响着工程的质量、成本和及时完工。
Material and equipment suppliers often act as installation contractors: they play a significant role in a construction project since the conditions of delivery of material and equipment affect the quality, cost and timely completion of the project.
