英语语言学练习题（一）
Ⅰ770是什么意思. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? ___________.
A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement
subject是什么意思C. Duality D. Meaningfulness
2. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, becau ___________.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above
3. A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
pricelist
A. synchronic B. diachronic
C. prescriptive D. comparative
4. According to F. de Saussure, ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language
5. Language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_________,
A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission
ddbca
6. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal
7. __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D. /b/
8. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.
A. bound morpheme B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
9. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.
yyzA. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root
10. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _______.
A. the first element B. the cond element
C. either the first or the cond element D. both the first and the cond elements.
abdcb
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
1.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
2. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols ud for human communication. reintroduction
3. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal ur’s k__________ of the rules of his language.
4. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p____ of articulation.
男的英文名字5. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g____ meaning.
duality, arbitrary, knowledge, palce, grammatical
Ⅲ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal:
1. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
2. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful ntences.
3. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
4. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
5. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
tffft
wipe手机什么意思
Ⅳ. Linguistic Analysis
Comment on the following linguistic phenomena briefly.
Don't say X.
People don't say X.
Don't say X.
People don't say X.
The first is a prescriptive command, while the cond is a descriptive statement.
Ⅴ. Answer the following question as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary:
1. Why do you think speech is more basic than writing?
2. Why do we say language is arbitrary?
3. What are the main features of the English compounds?密密匝匝
1. Why speech is more basic than writing?1) In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. 冰锥
2) In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
3) Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later at school.
2 答案：The arbitrary property of language means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. For instance, there is no necessary relationship between the word elephant and the animal it symbolizes.
In addition, different sounds are ud to refer to the same object in different languages, and even within the same language, the same sound does not refer to the same thing.
However, language is not entirely arbitrary. There are words which are created in the imitation of sounds by sounds, such as crash, bang in English. Besides, some compound words are also not entirely arbitrary. But the non-arbitrary words are quite limited in number.
The arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.
Conventionality（约定俗成）
Words have no meaning, people have meaning for them.chineculture
