备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破
技能 3 推理判断题
解题指导 素养提升
题型特点
推理判断题需要考生根据文章的字面意思，通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。解答该类题目时一定要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识，切忌脱离原文主观臆断。
正确选项特征
1.“立足原文，只推一步”根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2.一般不用表示绝对概念的词，如：only,never,all, absolutely等；会用一些意义相对宽泛、有余地的词，如：often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。
什么叫实数da干扰选项特征
1.选项的内容是原文信息的简单重复。
2.选项的内容虽在文中提到，但片面或不完整，甚至推理过头，引申过度。
3.选项的内容符合常识，但无法由原文推断得出此结论。
4.原文中作者只是客观地陈述事实，并未作出评论，干扰项内容加入了主观臆断。
常见设问方式 | 考查角度 |
(l)What can we infer about…? (2)What does the author indicate/suggest/imply in…? | 推断隐含意义 |
(1)What's the purpo of the passage? (3)What's the function of the first paragraph? (2)What was the author's initial purpo of.…? (4)Why does the author mention…? | 推断写作意图 |
(l)What's the writer's/×'s attitude towards…? (3)How does the author feel about…? (2)What's the author's/×'s opinion on/about…? (4)Which word best describes the author's attitude to.…? | 推断观点态度 |
(1)From which is the text probably taken? (3)In which ction of a newspaper may this (2)Where is this text most likely from? text appear? | 推断文章出处 大筋 |
(1)What will most probably be talked about in the (2)What would the next paragraph most next paragraph of the passage? probably deal with? | 推断段落发展 |
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典例剖析
事实细节题
规律技巧1：利用事实细节推断合理的结论是推理判断题普遍的命题策略。根据题干关键词，通过查读在原文中找到相关信息点，然后抓住特定信息，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出隐含意义。注意：切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论；切忌脱离原文而主观臆断。enabled是什么意思
[真题典例1] (2021·全国甲D篇节选)
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six.girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are“really,really smart.”Even wor,the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are“really,really smart."Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? 选项出处
A.They think themlves smart. 四段①②句
B.They look up to great thinkers. 四段③句
C.They e gender differences earlier than boys. 四段①句
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 四段①②句
[路径一] 从问（题干）的角度解答—一如何得出正解
如何自制美白面膜第l步：题干的关键信息为girls,study和Science。根据理解原文的三大步骤，我们回到原文四段①句。该句提到，《科学》最近发表的一项研究发现，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”。此处只是描述一个现象，欲得知正确答案，还需参照下文。
第2步：四段②句提到，研究发现女孩们会按照这种观念行事：在六岁左右，她们开始回避那些被认为是“非常非常聪明”的孩子才会参加的活动。由此可知，女孩们在刻意回避那些
被认为比自己优秀的人才能参加的活动，这是因为她们受到了社会观念的影响，D项是对原文的合理推断，故正确。
第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此第3步省略。
empty的反义词[路径二] 从答（选项）的角度解答一如何反向印证，排除干扰项
答案 A
第1步：根据A项的关键词smart可定位至四段①②句。四段①句提到，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”；②句接着提到，在六岁左右，她们开始回避那些被认为是“非常非常聪明”的孩子才会参加的活动。可见，这两句提到的“非常非常聪明”并不是女孩对自己的评价，故排除A项。
第2、3步：略
答案B
第1步：根据B项的关键信息great thinkers可定位至四段③句。该句提到，我们的地球能承
担得起让任何伟大的思想家气馁和放弃的后果吗？这是作者提出的问题，此处并未提及女孩崇拜思想家，故排除B项。第2、3步：略
答案C
第1步：根据C项的关键词gender和boys并结合题干信息可定位至四段①句。该句提到，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”，并非女孩比男孩更早看到性别差异，故排除C项。第2、3步：略
look out答案D
送友人 李白第l步：根据D项的关键词beliefs并结合题干信息可定位至四段②句。根据上表路径一的第2步对该句的分析可知，女孩们之所以刻意回避被认为比自己优秀的人才能参加的活动，是因为她们受到了社会观念的影响，D项是对原文的合理推断，故正确。第2、3步：略
写作意图题&观点态度题
规律技巧2：各种题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图。脱可能考查全文的写作意图，又可能
goolegoole翻译
考查某一段落或某处节的写作意图，考生可根据文体特点，写作手法或者从字里行间寻我线索来推断。
规律技巧3：者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、规点或态度粒鞋隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，所以要留意作者或人物的措辞，切不可将个人的好恶态度进题中，也要注意分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
[真题典例2] (2021·新高考ID篇)
Popularization has in some cas changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and“people skills. "Rearch has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of the qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-bad emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as adoubt是什么意思 specific t of skills that can be ud f
or either good or bad purpos.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be ud by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might u it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what rearch can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and rearchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they rve people adaptively in everyday life.
