lect山东广播电视大学
开放教育管理英语1课程随堂练习3
Part1Questions1–10are bad on passages1.
Passage1Searching for Utopia
1While most of the world ems to be motivated by more money,better televisions,more powerful cars, the highest-tech computers,bigger hous there are some independent souls who are tired of“the rat-race”, that is,the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead.Since around1990,there has been a slow but steady ri in“intentional communities”in the U.S.An intentional community is a group of people who have chon to live together with a common purpo.Although quite diver in philosophy and lifestyle, each of the groups places a high priority on a n of community,in other words,the feeling of belonging and mutual support.There were300intentional communities listed in the1990edition of the intentional Communities Directory;by1995,this had grown to600,and it is estimated that there are now veral thousand,listed and unlisted,in operation.The communities vary in size,but in the600listed communities in1995,total population,including children,was estimated at24,000.
考研时间安排2016
2At first glance,the intentional community movement appears quite diver.It is with ages ranging from children to niors.They may choo to live together on a piece of rural land,in a suburban center,or in an urban neighbourhood.In some communities,individuals own their own land and hou;in others,the things are shared.There is a wide variety of choices regarding standard of living–some embrace voluntary simplicity to live with others who share their values.Some are cularāwhile others are committed to a common religious belief.
3What unites the intentional community movement is its members’proud rejection of mainstream consumer values.Nearly all communities encourage sharing items members don’t need to own privately, for example.Washing machines,trucks,swimming pools.Many communities rve as model environmental or teaching centers for sustainable agriculture.For example,“The Farm”,a large cooperative community in rural Tenne does not reject competitive business practices but rather, commits to a vision of environmentally friendly business.Members of“The Farm”work in veral small-scale industries including solar electronics,solar car rearch,and a publishing company for alternative books.
4An example of an intentional community committed to voluntary simplicity is Vashon Co-Housing C
ommunity.Its members choo to live in small unpainted wood hous,shingled with cedar.“Uncle Martin”decided to leave New York in1989and move his family spends their evening playing old-fashioned card games,or reading.Residents live in parate dwellings but homes are connected by dirt roads,there are13acres of communal land,all residents attend bimonthly meetings,and every month there is a work party in which everybody pitches in with outdoor chores.
5The communities are the newest expression of the300-year-old American desire to build a non-hierarchical,or equal,community with values uncorrupted by the larger society.It was this desire to form a new,ideal community which brought the Pilgrims to the U.S.in the early17th century.300years later,it is still impossible to find a community that has achieved perfection.The problems we e“out there”in the mainstream–greed,dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism–all manage to find their way into alternative cultures too.However,intentional communities have a much lower crime rate that their mainstream neighbours,and claim a more caring and satisfying lifestyle.They are committed to ideals of
ecology,cooperation,and family,even though they may often fail to reach tho ideals perfectly.Their utopian vision provides a challenge to the pace and purpo of modern American society. Directions:
kda是什么意思
Find the following list of words in Passage1and then guess the meaning of them from their context. Finally u the words to complete the following ntences.
motivated stressful diver vary share
rejection competitive move old-fashioned caring
1.He was wearing__________________plastic-rimmed glass.
2.ā;Life with veral children is hard and___________________.
3.The students are highly______________by their teachers’encouragement.
七夕节 英文4.People from______________________cultures might have difficulty understanding each other sometimes.
5.Children need a___________________environment.
6.Our firm is no longer______________in world markets.
7.The fish______________in weight from3lb to5lb.
8.Let’s_____________the last cake;you have half and I’ll have half.
you can shine
9.There had been a widespread___________________of many of the traditional process of political participation.
10.He has decided to_______________his family to New York.
Part II
Questions11–20are bad on Passage2.
Passage2
Importance of Pet Loss Therapy
1Noriko Saito(not her real name),a company employee in her early20s,lost her beloved male dog a couple of months ago.She attended the dying dog night and day,taking a full month off from work,but the dog pasd away while she was dozing.Now she still blames herlf for having misd the very moment of his death."I let him die alone,&āquot;she says."I'm still grieving for him.I feel as if I will never have such wonderful days as I had with him.I cannot find any meaning in life any more."
2Houwife Yukari Matsuoka(not her real name)carries around the ashes of her cat,who died four months ago.She even brings the urn into her bed every night."My friends tell me to bury it in the cemetery. They say the cat's soul cannot rest in peace if I keep her ashes,"she says with a sigh."But I want to keep it for a while."
3The women might sound eccentric or even neurotic to some readers,but their reaction is fully understandable to tho who have lost someone or something special,says Tsukimi Washizu,a veterinarian and lecturer at Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College.In Japan,where extended families are becoming a thing of the past and people are increasingly choosing to live alone,more people are beginning to keep pets as their companions.Pets give unconditional affection and comfort to humans,but their death can also bring them unbearable grief.
4"Animals become a part of your family.It is very natural to be saddened over the death of your family,"Washizu says."Many people,however,will consider you a little strange if you take even a single day off for your pet's funeral,while they'll give you sympathy for a death in your family and allow you to take veral days off from work or school."
5Washizu recently compiled a book titled"Pet no Shi,Sono Toki Anata wa(The Death of Your Pet-Wh
at Next)"with veral other specialists in the field.While many books on how to raiāand train pets have been published,this book is probably the first book on"pet loss"aimed at ordinary pet owners in Japan,she says.The book includes such subjects as the terminal care of pets,how to deal with the remains after the death,and advice on how to cope with the loss of pets.
6The term"pet loss"came into usage in the late'70s among some veterinarians and psychotherapists in the United States and Europe.Beyond the physical loss,the term encompass the pet owners' psychological stress-such as grief,depression,anger,paration anxiety,guilt,sleeping and eating disorders,fatigue,sickness,transient auditory and visual hallucinations and so on.
7Although pet loss has recently become a topic in the Japane mass media,Washizu is skeptical about the coverage."Media tend to nsationalize the story,focusing on only extreme cas,but it could make readers or viewers mistakenly believe the majority of people suffering from pet loss are suffering from mental disorders,"she says."Truly rious cas are very rare.Most people can get over the loss eventually,though it might take time."
8Keiko Yamazaki,a journalist and one of the authors of"Pet no Shi,"agrees with Washizu."I wonder why the media is making such a fuss about the term'Pet Loss Syndrome,'when we don't even have a term for spou loss,"she says.
9Nevertheless,a general awareness is important.Yamazaki points out that very few pet specialists in Japan can properly guide troubled peāt owners.In the U.S.and Europe,various forms of pet loss care support are offered.Veterinary hospitals offer counlling rvice for the individual or family members to come and talk with staff,who are trained to deal with grief and depression related to pet loss.Telephone counlling has also been t up.*Trained volunteers man the telephone lines for callers twenty-four hours a day in some states in the U.S.,listening to their stories about their pets,and giving them advice on how to deal with death.Self-help groups have also been organized in many cities in the U.S.and Europe.People who have lost their pets meet once a week to share their grief and try to readjust to life without their pets. Books on pet bereavement and condolence cards for people who have lost their pets are also commonly sold.And although not all the people who have lost their pets are using the rvices,it is at least available. Veterinarian surveys report about30percent of pet owners in the U.S.may u the rvices at one time or another.Pet owners claim that it doesn't matter how many u it,the most important point is that society recognizes the grief caud by the loss of pets.
10Chifumi Yoshida,a Kawasaki-bad psychotherapist,is probably the only person in this country who is offering telephone counlling rvice for tho suffering from pet loss.Since he started the s
ervice two years ago,Yoshida has had over400callers.Many callers don't need to phone him more than once, becau they usually feel somehow relieved after sharing their feelings.Some,he says,em to be meāntally depresd,though the percentage is very low."If you have difficulty leading a normal social life for longer than two or three months,you should consult with a therapist,"Yoshida says.
11According to Yoshida,many people do tend to humanize their pets,as if they were their children,so the pet's death can impact people like the loss of a child would.Some callers openly say losing their pet caud them more grief than their parent's death,he says.
12Often other people's reactions have a great influence on recovery,Yoshida points out.Careless remarks such as"It's just a pet"or"You can get another one"can worn grief and depression.Warm acceptance and compassion can help them get over the loss smoothly.Yoshida
13"After all,"says Yoshida,"human ties,or the existence of someone who will listen to you and provide a shoulder to cry on,will heal pet loss."
Directions:
Read Passage2and match the following persons’names in the left column with their relevant descriptions in the right column.Write your answers on your answer sheet.（20points,2points for each choice）
花样爷爷 台湾11.Noriko Saito A.a houwife
B.unsure about the coverage of pet loss by mass media
12.Yukari Matsuoka C.lost her male dog a couple of months ago
D.holding the view thaāt warm acceptance and compassion can help pet owners get over the loss smoothly
13.Tsukimi Washizu E.a20-year-old company employee
F.lost her cat four months ago
14.Keiko Yamazaki G.the compiler of a book
H.a psychotherapist
15.Chifumi Yoshida I.holding the view that very few pet specialists in Japan can properly guide troubled pet owners
J.a journalist
Part III
silas marnerQuestions21–30are bad on Passage3.
Passage3
Data On Ocean Floors
1At the water's edge of Baltimore Harbor,two freshly painted gray ships await to be nt out on their next mission.The are the workhors of the Information Revolution.They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and emingly limitless demand for Internet,voice and video rvices,projected to be a$1 trillion-a-year global market by2000.The tow ships,C.S.Global Link and its companion the C.S.Global Mariner are among the most technologically advanced veslsāin the business of laying undera fiber-optic communications cables.They are part of a worldwide fleet,owned by Tyco International Ltd., that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.阿甘正传中英文字幕
2Most of the world's telephone and Internet traffic cours through the hair-thin capillaries of glass, which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor.*In constant puls of light,coded in the computer language of ones and zeros,they flash millions of phone calls,electronic mail messages,video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
replied3Undera fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of today's communications-bad global economy,despite mid-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4"Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undera,and that their calls actually go through them,"said Rob Jones,captain of the C.S.Global Link.There are228,958miles (368,472kilometers)of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world's a,enough to encircle Earth almost 10times,according to KMI Corp.of Rhode Island.Another177,717miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by2000,KMI estimates.
male
5That figure does not count the most ambitious program,Project Oxygen,which backers describe as a $14billion"Super Internet"that would pay out198,844miles of mainly undera fiber-optic cable touching175countries.Oxygen already has the backing of30international tele-communications provid
ers and is scheduled for completion in2003.Project Oxygen is"the most ambitious project of communications in the20th century,"said President John Kestrel of KMI.ā"The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The cond driver is the need for video transmissions.
6Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the suba fiber boom.Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and governments are opening their markets to competition.Chine officials,for example,cleverly played14competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States--and then ultimately told them all to share the$1billion contract.
7Phras such as"quantum leap"and"orders of magnitude"frequently come up in discussions about advances in undera fiber optics.In1998,when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications,people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands.Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp.of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lars to split light into colors,nding data through each path in a process called"wave division multiplexing."The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle2.4 million voice conversations at one time--or hundreds of thousands of compresd video images.The China-U.S.project will handle4million calls at once.
8Lucent of the leading fiber optic companies,unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as10million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into80parate wavelengths of light instead of16.Lucen says the cable's400-gigabit(billions of computer instructions per conād)speed is enough to carry the world's Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber.One voice phone call requires64,000bits.Is there any limit to the capacity increa?"Absolutely not,"said Neil Tagare,Project Oxygen's founder and an undera fiber veteran,"There is no end in sight."
9And as the boom in fiber-optics continues,the cost of fiber decreas.Each voice circuit in a pre-fiber trans-Atlantic cable in1987cost about$40,000annually to build and maintain,Mr.Kessler said.Today, the cost has dropped to roughly$100to$200per circuit,he said.The plunging costs,combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets,have made distance meaningless in communications--and the price of calls.
10Aboard the C.S.Global Link,Captain Jones remains very busy.The ship returned to Blatimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean,after dropping2,000miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project,called Fiber Link Around the Globe.Before Bombay,it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing,covering3,557miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of6knots over21days.
It takes
