Education and Economic Growth四百四病
作者：***
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pitch来源：《留学》2018年第22期
Introduction
Lucas （1988） held the view that “public spending on education promotes human capital， which in turn contributes to economic growth” . This paper will u three groups of countries with different characteristics to explore the relationships between education and economic growth.
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Education is important for individual. Educated individuals are more likely to get better jobs， higher earnings. Education is also vital from a social perspective. Investment in education， by raising the skill level of the labor force， improves productivity. Education leadsbetter health for individuals and healthier individuals are more productive. Higher levels of educations lead to lower fertility， which has a generational impact on economic d
evelopment.
Education and Economic Growth
Although theoretically there ems to be a link between investment in education and economic growth， this does not hold for all countries.
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Figure 1 shows mean years of schooling for four East European countries， 1990-2015. The countries do well in terms of education， with a mean of 12.2years，similar to highly developed countries （as defined by the United Nations Human Development Report） in 2015. They perform less well on GDP per capita.drawing是什么意思
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adcenter As figure 2 illustrates ， in 1990， GDP per capita of the countries waswell belowaverage global GDP per capita.What explains the “high education but low GDP per capita” phenomenon in Eastern European countries？Their trade policies are less open， partly becau they are landlocked countries. Also， they were countries within， or satellites of， the former Soviet Unionwhich collapd in the early 1990s.
and The relationship is completely differentin Middle East countries. As figure 3 shows， mean years of schooling was about 5.5 in 1990， below the world average. Butthey performed very well in terms of GDP per capita （shown in figure 4 ） which was $73，637 （$PPP） in 2015， almost double that of highly developed countries （$39，600）. In contrast， mean years of schooling was about 9，three years below that of the highly developed countries （12.2）.
The are oil-producing counties， which leads to high levels of GDP. But building an economy on one natural resource is problematic， since the price of the resource will fluctuate， and will eventually be ud up.
The East Asian Tigers witnesd rapid growth from 1961-1990. Theyfocud on investment in human capitaland have continued to thrivebeing among the top 20 countries in terms of HDI . The Asian Tigers are still developing rapidly compared to other highly developed countries. Their development plan rested on investment in human capital， particularly technological and scientific education. Today， average years of schooling of the four East Asian Tigers is 12， clo to that in highly developed countries.
