2021考研英语（二）真题及答案
新托福考试Section I U of English
It's not difficult to t targets for staff. It is much harder, （1）to understand their negative harder,conquences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. （2）one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll （3）e how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of cour! Are there inspectors to（4）that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are（5）. How about jumping lights? Bus do so almost as frequently as cyclists.中文名字翻译英文
Why? Becau the target is（6）. People complained that bus were late and infrequent. （7）,the number of bus and bus lanes were incread, and drivers were （8）or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit the targets. But they （9）hit cyclists. If the target was changed to （10）you would have more inspectors and more nsitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more（11）drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both the criteria would be at the expen of time.
There is another（12）: people became immenly inventive in hitting targets. Have you（13）that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of cour not! Airlines have simply changed the time a（14）is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
The（15）of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choo one criterion and you may well（16）others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a（17）Setting targets can and does have unforeen negative conquences.
This is not an argument against target-tting. But it is an argument for exploring conquences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria （18）critical factors
such as time, money,, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to（19）just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better（20）the objective.
1.A. therefore B.again C.moreover D.howeveranaemia
2.A. identify B.asss C.emphasize D.explain
3.A.curiously B.quickly C.eagerly D.nearly
口罩标价超千万4.A. check B.prove C.recall D.claim
5.A. threatened B.mocked C.ignored D.blamed
6.A. hospitality B.competition C.punctuality D.innovation
7.A. Yet B.Besides C.Still D.So
8.A. rewarded B.trained C.grouped D.hired
9.A.rather B.also C.once D.only
10.A. comfort B.efficiency C.curity D.revenue
11.A. cautious B.quiet C.diligent D.friendly
12.A. purpo B.prejudice C.policy D.problem
13.A. revealed B.noticed C.admitted D.reported
14.A. break B.departure C.transfer D.trip
yp什么意思
al B.background C.style D.form
16.A. sacrifice B.criticize C.tolerate D.interpret
经典英语签名
17.A. cret B.cost C.product D.task
在线英语语音翻译器18.A. relating to B.calling for C.accounting for D.leading to
19.A. predict B.restore C.specify D.create
20.A. review B.achieve C.prent D.modify
答案：1-5 DCBAC 6-10 CAABD11-15 ADBDB16-20 ABACB
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
colorschemeRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Text 1
Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.
We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Rearch by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.
The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers who skills are no longer demand and replace them with tho who skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elwhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and In regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February.at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, tho rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurs and other
medical personnel
Of cour, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks,no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot clo that gap,maybe you can clo others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That ems to be the ca in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role.
Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily imagine a chorus of "you cant do that," becau teachers or nurs or whoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell in Sweden, with its history of co-operation between business, labour an
d government, but not in North America where our history is very different.Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any ca Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and more flexible than it was before.
Of cour, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the post pandemic world, are expensive and at a time when every ones budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them. Then again,extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to a place where res killing becomes much more than a buzzword.
21.Rearch by the World Economic Forum suggests.
A.an increa in full-time employment
B.an urgent demand for new job skills
C.a steady growth of job opportunities
D.a controversy about the “core skills”
22.AT&T is cited to show.
A.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy
B.an immediate need for government support
C.the importance of staff appraisal standards
D.the characteristics of reskilling program
23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada.李阳疯狂英语900句
A.have driven up labour costs
B.have proved to be inconsistent
C.have met with fierce opposition
D.have appeared to be insufficient
24.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was.
A.a call for policy adjustment
B.a change in hiring practices
C.a lack of medical workers
D.a sign of economic recovery
25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to______.
A.Great job vacancies for the unemployed
安徽省2012年高考分数线B.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs
C.Retrain their cabin staff for better rvices
D.finance their staff' s college education
Text 2
With the global population predicted to hit clo to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in, some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food curity is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for rather particular reason: Brexit.
Brexit is en by some as an opportunity to rever a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 percent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to lf-sufficiency, the
