SAT阅读理解题型讲解
基本介绍
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largelySAT考试的阅读文章题材广泛,包括人文、社会科学和自然科学。文章类型多种多样,有些是纯粹的说明文(描述事物,解释信息),有些是叙述类文章(讲述一个故事),还有议论文章(表达一种立场)。每次SAT考试阅读理解一般包括两套双篇对比文章,(一套双短和一套双长),一套双篇独立文章和一篇单长文章或两篇单独中长文章。
每篇文章后面会有文章理解阅读题目,根据文章题目2至13个不等。问题大致可以分为以下几类:
写作目的题
主旨理解题
理解推断题
划线部分理解题(细节理解和功能描述)
社会公德的基本特征语气、态度和语言题
阅读词汇理解题
外贸会计综合归纳题
SAT阅读理解题目答题技巧:
1.一切答案来源于文章。所有答案的选择都要来自于文章,不要用个人观点和阅读经验影响答题选择。切忌主观臆断。所有题目的正确答案都来自于文章中相应的词句,推断题和语气态度题也是在原文的基础上进行字里行间的推理判断。与题目相关的部分一定要细读精读。
2.对文章充满好奇,饶有兴趣地进行阅读答题。可以把阅读材料和自己感兴趣的相关话题联系起来,充满好奇心的积极阅读会提高阅读速度。在文章中用铅笔划出关键词句,或在文章旁边写下总结性的词句。总结要简洁,不要浪费时间。
3.遇到较难句子或段落,如果和题目无关,不要重复阅读。文章中有一目了然的段落,也有晦涩难懂的词句,如果和阅读题目关系不大,考生无需重复阅读,以免影响整体阅读效果。
4.不要放过修饰词。注意SAT阅读中的描述人、事和物的形容词。一个人是“handsome”还是“skinny”往往反映了这个人的特质和经历;如果一个人的感觉是“annoyed but unable to blame”,他的整体状态一定是frustrated(无奈)。一定要注意描述性质状态的词汇和细节。
5.积极阅读。始终把注意力放在作者的写作意图上,边读边思考,阅读文章的过程要始终把写作目的放在心中,因为文章的所有内容都是为文章主旨服务的。对比,举例,夹叙夹议,一切段落的写作都是为一个写作服务的。不要被貌似不相关或者变化多样的题目类型转移注意力。试图和文章对话,小说类作品可以把情景描写视觉化,让平面文字以电影方式呈现在眼前。
the awful truth
6.带着问题阅读文章。细节问题可以先看题再看文章相应内容,问题题目一定要准确完整
阅读,然后从文中寻找可以回答题目的相应关键词,然后根据原文线索寻找对应正确选项。正确选项不一定是表达真实信息,而是最好反映原文信息的选项。
7.选择之前一定要阅读完所有选项。SAT阅读的正确选项是五个选项中最好的一个,而不一定是最为正确的一个。所以排除法是一个很好的做题方法。先用笔划掉确定错误的选项,然后在权衡剩下的两至三个(一般是两个)不确定选项。有些选项意思正确,符合原文意思,但是没有具体回答这个问题,这个是错误选项。有些选项前半句对,但是后半句出现了原文中没有涉及到的多余信息,这个选项也是错误的。
blou是什么意思8.认真阅读题目,注意题干中出现except的问题。这类问题有四个选项是正确的,一定要把题目中的except用笔圈划出来,以免选错选项。
9.一定要阅读完选项所有内容,特别是选项的结尾部分。很多选项前半部分正确,只是在结尾部分出现某个多余或错误的词语词组。这些都是迷惑考生的易选错误选项。做题当中的double check指根据原文选择正确选项之后,还要排除其他错误选项,这就是所谓的“双保险”。
10.不要跳跃阅读。SAT阅读理解题目既包括细节理解题目,也包括文章主旨理解题目。可以先看题目再看文章,但是和题目无关的段落也要略读,划关键词,以免影响对文章的整体理解。除了文章整体理解题目可以放到最后做,细节理解题目尽量按照顺序完成,避免重复阅读。如果后面的文章有助于补充理解做过的阅读题目,可以进行复查。做完一篇文章要检查是否有遗漏未做的题目。
A.写作目的题(Main Purpo Questions)
写作目的题是考察考生是否能准确理解作者的写作意图。换句话说,为什么作者要写这篇文章?他想要通过文章达到什么目的?回答这些问题,你需要整体思考这篇文章。作者是在表达对某问题的立场,还是在描述一个人或一个场景?是在创造一种情景还是证实或否定某个理论?
问题经常以以下形式出现:
The primary purpo of the passage is to……
Both passages are primarily concerned with the……
The passage as a whole rves primarily to……
解题技巧:
●有时候一篇文章会有多个写作意图,但是你只需要回答主要写作意图。
●主旨题目可以放到最后做,正确选项的中心词一定能概括文章大部分内容,体现文章
主要目的。
例一
I had grown up in the United States virtually without relatives,which,in my inten desire to assimilate,was quite all right with me.But this attitude dissolved when I walked into that apartment in Beijing.I realized then that my extended family is not just a collection of accidental alliances but a living body,an entity that will welcome me for being simply who I am:the daughter of my mother,the niece of my aunts and uncles.We had never before en each other but,
in that moment,we shared a n of connection and loyalty unlike anything I had previously experienced.
Question:The primary purpo of the passage is to
(A)describe the author’s travels to Beijing
南京平面设计公司
(B)reveal how lonely the author often felt
(C)provide examples of the author’s fondness for her relatives
(D)convey the author’s sudden awareness of the importance of family
(E)illustrate the cloness that existed among the author’s mother,aunts,and uncles.
解析:这道题可以首先排除(B),(E)选项,因为原文从第二句就开始说明作者的孤独感已经dissolve(融化,消失)了。而文章一直在叙述自己的感觉,所以没有谈到任何关于作者自己的(E)选项也可以最先排除。(A)选项是内容描述,并非文章主旨,主旨要体现作者的写作意图。我们可以从文章中看出,大部分内容都在强调转变和作者的前后变化,比如句子“but this attitude dissolved…”,“I realized then that…..”和“in that moment,we shared a n of connection…..unlike anything I had previously experienced.”这些都可以判断出作者主要强调他突然意识体会到家庭的温暖,即(D)选项,其中(D)选项中的awareness是原文中关键词realize的同义复现。
●通过阅读开头的背景介绍部分(斜体引文部分)来帮助你推断作者主要写作意图。
例二This passage is adapted from a2003novel about a character named Gogol Ganguli,the American-born son of Indian immigrants.Just before leaving home for college,Gogol changed his name to Nikhil.
Question:Taken as a whole,the passage is best described as a portrayal of
(A)two parents’acceptance of their son’s leaving home
(B)an immigrant family’s adjustment to new surroundings
(C)the stimulating possibilities open to a college student
(D)a young man’s struggle to define himlf
(E)a young man’s success at achieving independence
解析:这是09年5月一道独立长篇阅读题目,从斜体字背景介绍我们可以判断出主人公出生在一个移民美国的印度家庭,接下来的文章就是关于他改名之后的经历和心理状态。题目选项中只有(D)选项提到struggle to define himlf(自我挣扎,定义自己)。如果考生先做细节题目,最后做主旨题目,就会发现整篇文章都在讲述主人公适应自己新名字的心理过程,(D)肯定是正确答案。平面广告设计师
●选项想象法:可以按照各个选项内容想象文章内容发展,和原文符合的即是正确选项。
这种逆向思考方式往往可以帮助考生很快排除错误选项。
例三A century ago,opponents of women’s suffrage in the United States scoffed at the notion that extending the vote to women would make any difference.“Women will vote with their husband”was the commonly accepted wisdom.This was an argument made in the abnce of evidence,as
women did not yet have the vote.Ever since women won the vote,rearchers have been keeping clo track of female voting behavior.A“gender gap”in voting behavior has been found in the United States as in many other countries.In the United States,the1994and1996elections showed the largest gaps ever between candidates favored by women and tho favored by men.
Question:The primary purpo of the passage is to
(A)describe the evolution of a gender gap in the United States
(B)prent a conci history of the women’s suffrage movement
(C)show the inaccuracy of a prediction about women’s suffrage
(D)discuss the resistance women faced in acquiring the vote
(E)explain the differences in voting behavior between men and women
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解析:按照选项想象法,(A)选项对应的文章应该是描写gender gap的发展情况,文章只是在后半部分提到,不是正确选项。(B)选项出现的conci history明显不符合原文概括特点的写作方式。想象(C)选项内容,可以知道原文必定有批驳某意见的内容,而全文的发展顺序就是先摆出错误观点:女人应该和丈夫一起投票。然后在中间提出“this was an argument made in the abnce of evidence”(这是一个没有根据的论点),文章后面部分则是用研究数据证明女人和男人在投票的选择上是有不同的,所以(C)是正确选项。想象(D)选项中中心语resistance(抵抗),文章应该有表示抗争的描述,不符合原文,是错误选项。想象(E)选项中心语explain the differences(解释不同),原文应该有解释不同投票习惯原因的表述,不符合原文,所以是错误选项。
B.主旨理解题(Central Idea Questions)
回答这类问题,问自己这个问题:如果让我用一句话概括这篇文章,我会怎么概括?阅读文章的时候要始终思考这个问题,然后划下你认为能体现中心思想的词句。
主旨理解题的问题经常以以下形式出现:
What is the main idea of the passage?
With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
What is the best title for the passage?
This passage is primarily concerned with……
解题技巧:
abike努力掌握作者思路逻辑,对文章主旨保持敏感度,划下表明作者主旨意图的重点词句,正确选项便会轻易选出。
例一
Passage1(extract)
Becau chimpanzees exhibit behavior so remarkably similar to some human behavior, scientists obrving them in the wild often develop a degree of empathy with the individuals being studied.In itlf this is not a bad thing.Subtle communication cues among chimpanzees are more readily detected and recorded once an obrver has established this empathy.
Passage2(extract)
My first day obrving a community of forest chimpanzees showed me a richer and more satisfying world than I had imagined.I suddenly recognized why I,a non-scientist,or anyone should care about what happens to them:not,ultimately,becau they u tools and solve problems and are intellectual beings,but becau they are emotional beings,as we are,and becau their emotions are so obviously similar to ours.
Question:Both passages support which generalization about wild chimpanzees?
(A)Their family structures are somewhat similar to tho of humans.
(B)Their behavior often rembles that of humans.
(C)Their actions are prompted by strong psychological urges.
(D)Their facial expressions can be interpreted accurately by nonspecialists.
(E)Their reactions differ from tho of other apes.
解析:这是两篇双短节选文章,按照文中加粗部分,第一段和第二段都提到了similar to human beings(和人类有相似之处),一段中关键词empathy指的是科学家容易产生与大猩猩情感共鸣,二段中的care about也是表达了人类应该关心大猩猩的观点。选项当中只有(A)和(B)两个选项体现了相似性,但是(A)是在说家庭结构问题,和原文无关,正确选项应该是(B)。所以找准表达主旨的关键词是理解文章的捷径。