这个介词后应接不定式还是动名词
Every minute should be made full u of _________ the lessons.
A. to study
B. study
C. studying
D. studied
【分析】此题容易误选C，认为介词后接动词时要用动名词。其实此题的正确答案是A，注意此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是We should make full u of every minute to study the lessons. 用的是make u of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有make the most of(尽量利用)，make the best of(尽量利用)也可能用于此类试题。请看类例()：The only way that she thought of _________ enough money was to ll her hair.
A. get
B. to get
C. got
D. getting
答案应选B，而不是选D。句子主语是the only way，that she thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。全句意为―她想到的弄到足够钱的惟一办法就是把自己的头发卖掉。‖
what they could do 还是what they could to do
The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _________ against the flood.
A. fight
B. to fight
C. fighting
D. fought
【分析】有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could 就断定此处应填动词原形fight，即断定选A答案。其
实选错了，正确答案应是B。这是一个省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为The soldiers tried their best and did what they could do to fight against the flood (士兵们竭尽全力抗洪)。即句中的不定式短语(to fight against the flood) 用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) He did what he could to help us. 他尽力帮助我们。
(2) He saved what he could to buy a car. 他尽量节约每一分钱以便买车。
(3) He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus. 他拼命地跑以便赶上早班车。
至此，有的同学可能又会想当然地认为，今后只要遇到类似结构的题选带to不定式就万事大吉了，但也不一定，例外还是有的，还得具体问题具体分析。请看下例：(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope
B. hope
C. hoping
D. hoped
若根据以上―经验‖认为此题要选A答案，那就又错了。此题应选C，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.
A. practi
B. to practi
C. practising
D. practid
【分析】此题应选C，它与以上各题的情形均有所不同，虽然与上面的第(4)题的答案一样，均为动词的–ing 形式，但也不完全一样：第(4)的hoping 为现在分词，在句中用作伴随状语；而此题的practising 是动名词，之所以用它与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.()
(6) Mr Smith made up his mind to devote all he could _________ his oral English before going abroad.
A. improve
尸蜡
B. to improve
C. improving
compactpciD. to improving
【分析】此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为―把……贡献给……‖；二是其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
不定式的完成式用作哪些句子成分
不定式完成式在句中可以用作以下成分：
一、主语
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。
To have told my cret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。
有时在句首使用形式主语。如：It’s nice to have finished work. 工作干完了，真惬意。
二、表语He ems to have been hurt. 他似乎受伤了。
The hou was to have been ready today. 这座房子本应该今天竣工。
I was to have en him last Wednesday but he did not come. 我本来打算在上星期三和他见面的但是他没有来。
三、宾语He pretended to have read the book. 他假装曾经读过那本书。
I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了()。
They claimed to have shot down 22 planes. 他们声称打下了22架飞机。
四、定语There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 没有必要给我买一双新鞋。
She’s the only woman ever to have climbed Everest in winter. 她是唯一在冬天爬过埃佛勒斯峰的妇女。深圳英语学习
五、状语You’re far too clever to have done that. 你太聪明了不会这样做。
He was too young to have learned to say no to a woman. 他太年轻了，还没学会向女人说不。
六、宾补I believed her to have done this on purpo. 我相信她是故意这样做的。
booth是什么意思I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我认为他的行为不光彩。
tennis elbow
They suppod man to have descended from animals. 他们认为人是动物演变来的。
七、主补He is rumoured to have escaped to Dublin. 谣传他已逃往都柏林。
He was known to have taken money from the Germans. 据传他拿过德国人的钱。
They are believed to have landed in America. 人们相信他们在美洲上了岸。
He is reported to have been chon chairman of the trade union. 据说他当选了工会主席。
“疑问词+不定式‖可用作哪些句子成分
一、用作主语。如：When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。
What to read is an important question. 该读些什么是一个很重要的问题。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。
二、用作表语。如：The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步怎么办。
The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
三、用作宾语。如：
1. 用作动词宾语。如：He asked how to open the box. 他询问如何打开盒子。She couldn’t think what to say. 她想不出说什么。Our teacher explained how to u the word processor. 老师向我们说明如何使用文字处理机。
2. 作于间接宾语后作直接宾语。如：I’ll show you how to do it. 我将给你讲这怎么做。
She kindly advid me what to do. 她好心的劝告我该做什么。My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折纸鹤。
3. 用作介词宾语。如：I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。Bill said something to her about what to do. 比尔给她讲了讲应当怎样做。I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。
动名词复合结构可用作哪些成分
名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在动名词复合结构中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。这种复合结构在句中可用作以下成分：一、用作主语。如：
His saying he is sorry alters the ca. 他的道歉使情况改变了。His behaving like that is strange. 他这样的表现是很奇怪的。
His saying he is sorry alters the ca. 他的道歉使情况改变了。Your denying everything will get you nowhere. 你否认一切将是办不到的。
Her arriving late delayed our departure. 她来晚了，延误了我们的出发时间。
His knowing I had returned home unexpectedly is strange. 他竟知道我突然回家，真是件怪事。
动名词复合结构用作主语时，其名词或代词一般要用所有格，但在口语中偶尔也有用名词普通格和代词宾语的情况。如
My daughter staying up so late worried me. 我的女儿睡得很晚令我担心。
Today being Saturday rather complicates matters. 今天是星期六反而把事情复杂化了。
二、用作宾语。如：I like him /his playing the guitar. 我喜欢他弹吉它。
I must insist on him / his paying. 我一定坚持他付钱。He disliked me / my working late. 他不喜欢我工作到很晚。
I suggested his nding it to Tagore. 我建议他把它寄给泰戈尔。 A vere cold prevented his attending the meeting. 重感冒使他未能来开会。I object to people / him / his smoking in restaurants. 我反对人们/ 他在饭店里吸烟。
不定式的进行式可用作哪些成分
不定式进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作，它在句子中可以用作以下成分
一、用作主语。如：It’s nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。
二、用作表语。如：He ems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。
Things em to be going on smoothly. 似乎一切都很顺利。He ems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
三、用作宾语。如：You won’t want to be washing at this time of night. 夜里这时候你不要洗澡。
I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。
四、用作定语。如：You’ve no need to be fearing. 你没有必要害怕。
Well, it’s time to be making for home. 好，是回家的时候了。
五、用作状语。如：You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的，能乘飞机走。
You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。
六、用作宾补。如：Let’s be moving, we’re wasting time. 我们走吧，我们在浪费时间。
They thought her to be working in the library. 他们以为她在图书馆学习。
七、用作主补。如：He believed her to be telling the truth. 他相信她讲的是真话。
He is believed to be going to the U. S. A. 据信他正在前往美国。He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他躲在林子里。
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语的比较
一、基本用法区别
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程) 或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态) ；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
He asked us to come here early the next day. 他叫我们第二天来早点。(未来) We saw him enter the room. 我们看到他进了那个房间。(全过程) We saw him talking to her. 我们看到他在与她谈话。(正在进行) She kept us waiting here for an hour. 她让我们在这等了一个小时了。(一直处于某种状态) I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beaten是被动关系)
二、几点注意说明
(1) 通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advi, order, force, cau, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, nd, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。
(2) 在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。如：He helped me (to) clean the room. 他帮我清扫房间。
(3) 在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. 。
译：我建议他不去那里。
误：I suggested him not to go there.
正：I suggested that he should not go there.
正：I advid him not to go there.
(4) want, wish 等后接to be done 作宾补时，to be 可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：
When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么时候完成？
(5) 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to。在使役动词make, let, have 后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：They made Paul study English. 他们强迫保罗学习英语。
Paul was made to study English. 保罗被迫学习英语。
(6) 感官动词feel, listen to, hear, e, look at, watch, notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to) 不定式(全过程) 或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生) ，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。
(7) 在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如()：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 杀人犯被带了进来，他的手是被捆在背后的。
I couldn’t do my homework with all that noi going on. 由于吵声不断我做不了作业。
With a lot of difficult problems to ttle, I have no time to have a rest. 由于有许多问题要处理，我没时间休息。
接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词或短语
【动词归纳】
英语中，接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词或短语主要有：
remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过)
forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过)
regret to do (遗憾地做) regret doing(后悔做了)
try to do(设法做) try doing(试做)
go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事)
mean to do(打算做) mean doing(意味着)
stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能帮助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
【用法举例】
Plea remember to post this letter for me. 请记住帮我寄信。
I remember posting the letter for you. 我记得帮你寄了那封信。
Don’t forget to ask Tom. 别忘记去问汤姆。
Have you forgotten meeting her? 你忘记了曾见过她吗?
You really must try to overcome your shyness 你确实需要努力克服你的腼腆。
Try holding your breath to stop sneezing. 试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。
We two stopped talking. 我们两人停止谈话()。
They stopped to listen, but there was no sound. 他们停下来听，却没有声音。
不定式和动名词作主语与表语比较
■表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。如：
Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。Swimming in this river is a great pleasure. 在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。如：
To e is to believe. =Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。
■口语中，陈述句多用不定式作主语，而疑问句却总是用动名词作主语。如：
Is doing morning exercis good for your health? 做早操对你身体有好处吗？
■下列句子中通常用动名词：
It’s no good/u talking to him. 找他谈是没有用的。It’s uless discussing the matter. 讨论此事无益。
There is no stopping him. 无法阻止他。No parking! 禁止停车！
■下列句中通常用不定式：It took us two hours to get there. 去那里我们花了两个小时。
It’s foolish of him to do so. 他这样做是愚蠢的。It is necessary for us to learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。
非谓语动词的否定式
一、基本方法
非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not 或never。如:Try not to make a noi. 尽量别弄出声来。
He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍。He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。I told him not to make a mess in the kitchen. 我叫他不要把厨房弄得乱七八槽。Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她没收到他的们，就决定再给他写一封。
二、注意之点
当前面有逻辑主语时，要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如：I’m surprid at your not having noticed. 我对你没有注意到感到惊奇。
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 詹尼未被培养成一名舞蹈演员，是她
的一件憾事。
习题这些题是考查非谓语动词吗
这些题是考查非谓语动词吗？如果仅从选项来看，好像都是考查非谓语动词，但实际上有的只是以非谓语动词为假象，考查其他知识点，你分得清吗？好好想想，好好做做！
1. ―I’d like to take a week’s holiday.‖ ―_________ it, we’re just too busy.‖
A. Forget
B. Forgetting
C. Forgets
D. Forgot
2. —Then let’s have fish, beef with tomatoes and a soup. OK?
—_________ nice.
A. Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding
D. Sounds
3. Stanley, _________ hello to your nephew.
A. come and say
B. comes and says
C. to come and say
D. coming and saying
音乐英文怎么写
4. If there’s no reply at the front door, _________ round the back
A. come
B. comes
C. to come
D. coming
5. Don’t stand out there in the cold—_________ in here and get warm.
A. come
B. comes
C. to come
D. coming
6. Before you nd the letter, _________ with Bill to e if the address is right.
A. check
B. to check
C. checking
D. checked
7. Before you decide to leave your job, _________ the effect it will have on your family.
A. consider
mj的经典歌曲B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
末路狂澜8. If you hear the fire b ell, _________ cool and don’t panic.
A. keep
B. to keep
C. keeping
D. kept
9. If you can’t get in the front door, _________ to the back door.
A. go
B. to go
bowl怎么读
C. going
D. to be going
10. If they don’t understand it the first time, _________ over it again un til they do.
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. to be going
11. If you’re going on a long car journey, _________ sure the vehicle’s in good condition.
A. making
B. to make
C. make
D. having made
12. _________ you hand over your mouth when you cough.()
A. Put
B. Putting
C. To put
D. To be putting
13. _________ the road round to the right and you’ll find his hou.
A. Follow
B. Following
C. To be following
D. Having followed
14. _________ the milk and t a good example to the other children.
A. Drink
B. To drink
C. Drinking
D. Having drinking
15. Don’t give me a long account, just _________ the plain facts.
A. tell
B. telling
C. to tell
D. to be telling
16. _________ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
17. To test eggs, _________ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put
B. putting
C. to put
D. to be putting
18. _________ the pieces of cloth with a loo stitch before finally _________ them together.
A. Join, to w
B. Joining, wing
C. Join, wing
D. To join, to w
19. She wrote a famous book, and so _________ a place in history.
A. winning
B. to win
C. to have won
航行英文D. won
20. If you don’t succeed the first time, _________ again.
A. try
B. to try
C. trying
D. to be trying
21. If the car won’t start, _________ it.
A. try push
B. try pushing
C. to try pushing
D. to try to push
22. Don’t waste your money on silly things—_________ it.
A. saving
B. to save
C. save
D. to having saved
23. _________ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch
B. Watching
C. To watch
D. To have watched
24. She cycled too fast round the corner, _________ her balance and _________ off.
A. losing, falling
B. lost, fell
C. losing, fell
D. lost, falling
25. _________ the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary.
A. Taste
B. Tasting
C. To taste
D. Having tasted
【参考答案】1—5 ADAAA 6—10 AAAAA 11—15 CAAAA 16—20 AACDA 21—25 BCABA
