Unit 17 Laughter (2)
语气(mood)是英文中谓语动词的一种变化形式，用来表示说话者的意图和态度。英文中的语气可分为三种：陈述语气(indicative mood)、祈使语气(imperative mood)和虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)。
什么是虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)呢？
比如说英文中有26个字母在字母表(alphabet)中的顺序是ABCDEFG…。字母顺序是固定的，不能随意更改的。但是如果给你一个把字母表重新排序的机会，你会如何排序呢？你会把哪两个字母放在一起使他们有意义呢？有人说把WC放在一起；有人说把U和I放在一起，就像奥运会的主题歌You and Me一样。在中文里，我们要表达这个态度，会说“如果我能把字母表重新排序，我会把U和I放在一起。”这种虚拟的表达或与事实相反的假设，是通过语境来实现的。而英文如何来表达呢？只能通过动词的变形。If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together. 在这个例句中，if 引导的从句的谓语动词用了“一般过去时态(could)”，而主句的谓语动词用“would接动词原形(put)”。
当然，虚拟语气要远远比这个要复杂得多。所以虚拟语气是为了适应某种表达需求才应运而生的。是什么需求呢？在一些场合里，当说话者谈到自己与实际情况相反的情况时，或者主观想象某事有可能发生时，或建议、要求某事发生时，就需要借助虚拟语气来表达这些心态。
虚拟语气有三个基本“公式”，对现在、过去、将来这三种时间的虚拟。
虚拟的时间 | 条件从句(if) | 主句 |
现在 | did或were | would (should, could, might) + do |
过去 | had done | would (should, could, might) + have done |
将来 | were to do或should do 或did(were) | would (should, could, might) + do |
| | |
注意:
tmd是什么
主句should 通常用于第一人称, would 可用于任何人称, 根据需要可用情态动词could, might等代替.
eg. If I were you, I wouldstudy much harder.
If you have come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her.
If I were to have the time tomorrow, I would help him.
现在虚拟
David J. Smith 写的一篇文章《假如世界是一个村落》 (If the World Were a Village) ，把拥有60多亿人口的地球想象成一个只有100人的村落。他用这种独特的方式，为我们提供了一个全球的视角，让我们懂得不同民族和地域中人们生活的不同，促使我们换一个角度重新审视我们的生活。文章带给人们很多的感悟：
If we could shrink (压缩)the earth’s population to a village of precily 100 people, with all the existing human ratios remaining the same, it would look something like the following:
There would be 57 Asians, 21 Europeans, 14 from the Western Hemisphere, both north and south, (西半球的南北美洲) 8 Africans.
52 would be female and 48 would be male.
adrienne bailon
70 would be non-white and 30 would be white.
70 would be non-Christian (非基督徒) and 30 would be Christian.
89 would be heteroxual (异性恋者) and 11 would be homoxual.(同性恋者)
22 would speak Chine, 9 would speak English and 7 would speak Spanish.
6 would posss 59% of the entire world’s wealth and all 6 would be from the United States.
80 would live初中英语教案设计 in substandard housing. (居住环境不达标准)id是什么意思啊
70 would be unable to read. (文盲)
50 would suffer from malnutrition. (营养不良)
1 would be near death; 1 would be near birth.
1 (yes, only 1) would have a college education.
1 would own a computer.
回忆一下：
条件从句(if) | 主句 |
六级高频词汇下载did或were | would (should, could, might) + do |
| |
注意: be 动词在条件从句中永远是were.
请回答下面问题：
lumi Man: I haven’t en George all day.
Woman: Have you checked the lab? I wouldn’t be surprid if he slept there.
Question:
What does the woman imply about George? (B)
A. He is probably still asleep in the lab. workmate
B. He spends a lot of time in the lab.
B. She needs to check his work.
D. She has no idea where he is.
过去虚拟
“Do you love me? – Yes. Do you really, really love me? – Yes.” It was a question that has been pod to many a lover. But Stephanie Powell had a special reason for asking her boyfriend, Wayne, if he loved her. Becau Stephanie had just won $ 7 million on the lottery and wanted to make sure of Wayne’s devotion before she told him the good news. “If he had known about the win I would never have known whether it was me or the mone
y he would want to stay with,” she said. “I don’t know what I would have done if he hadn’t answered yes. I love him and want to enjoy spending the money with him.”
这个小故事告诉我们：Wherever there is love, there is also wealth and success.
ayomi
回忆一下：
条件从句(if) | 主句 |
had done | would (should, could, might) + have done |
| |
1. If I had known (know) it would come to this, I would have acted (act) differently. 早知今日，何必当初。
2.
A: The coat you tried on was really nice, and reasonably priced.
B: I would have bought (buy) it right away if they had had (have) it in my size.
3. It would have been just as satisfactory if I _______ at home. I learned nothing in class. (A)
重庆执业医师培训 A. had stayed B. stayed C. was staying D. would stay
4. If I’d known he was driving downtown, I’d have asked him for a ride.
Question: What does the speaker mean? (C)
幽默用英语怎么说 A. I asked him if he needed a ride.
B. I’m going to share the driving with him.
C. I didn’t ask him for a ride since I didn’t know he was driving.
D. I asked him for a ride as soon as I found out he was going.
