中国文化三个特点The characteristics of Chine culturenice的意思1.Chine culture regards human life as part of nature and ,as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.The fundamental significance of civilization lies in the creation of a peaceful world, which also requires avoiding conflict between humans and nature.Instead of dictating to nature, people should hold nature in awe and gratitude.2Chine culture emphasizes harmonious human relationships.An individual cannot live without community and society.Chine culture strives to build a world of harmony bad on friendship between individuals, mutual assistance between families, and respect between nations.3.Chine thinking stress lf-reflection. People should not only understand the external world, but also and more importantly, improve their internal state of mind.
孔子Confucius(551-479 BC), known as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni,lived in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period.He was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism.Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chine people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.
“天/自然”Confucius on Heaven/Nature: the Source of Everything Confucius regarded “Heaven” as nature. Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four asons and the growth of all living things.Heaven equaled nature, nature was not a lifeless mechanism parate from humans, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole
创造生命Equation of Heaven with the creation of life虚数.The natural process of life creation was the “way of Heaven”. This idea was later developed in The Book of Changes.As the natural process of creation of life, Heaven was the source of all living things and the source of all values.The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.( The Book of Changes)In the natural process of creation of life, Heaven had its inner purpo in creating all things as well as protecting and improving life.
天命H副本英文eavenly mission:Heaven had originated humanity, and humans were obliged to accomplish this purpo. In other words, humans are born with a n of “heavenly mission”, and this is the meaning of human life.Confucian “Heaven” also had a certain sa
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cred element, which was related to its being the source of life. Thus Confucius required people to hold Heaven in awe. He said a person of virtue must “respect his heavenly mission”, listen to and live out the purpo of Heaven by caring for and improving life.♣three gorges damUnder the influence of Confucius, the ancient Chine developed a n of awe and belief in Heave.Heaven was not a supernatural, personified deity, but was the world of ever-generating life.
To them, Heaven was the highest sacred being, with the profound mystery never to be fully understood by mortal.
Confucius on People: ren and li 仁will youRen: love of people This kind of love begin with the love for one’s parents.No one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents.The esnce of ren is “filial piety and fraternal duty”(孝悌）The Doctrine of the Mean中庸quotes Confucius : The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.【Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.】【Children should think often of the
age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel 百度英汉词典concern for the aging of their parents.】
Confucius: One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as onelf.【While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.】【Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.】
礼Li Mencius: Loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of the, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, becau they aro from human feeling.
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take care ofThe role of li is to maintain harmony among people.Li also has philosophical implications.While individuals have a limited lifespan, life in nature is everlasting. Life is given by one’s parents and extended through one’s children.In this way, a limited, individual life becomes merged with the limitless life of nature.
教育Confucius was the first figure in Chine history to initiate private education.Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples. 72 of them excelled in the sixth arts., i.e., 8月英文ritual, music, archery , (carriage) driving, calligraphy, and mathematics.Confucius believed the basic goal of education was to cultivate “persons of virtue”, who should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society.Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education.Confucius emphasized aesthetic education. He said, “ Studying The Book of Songs(诗经）inspires the spirit and helps one appreciate beauty. Studying music lifts the spirit and helps one to enjoy life.”
