上班路上学英语小学STEM拓展性课程的开发与实施
12月英文摘要
近几年，STEM教育逐渐成为国内教育与研究热点，但在国内发展的热潮中出现了很多“水土不服”的情况，比如照搬国外课程导致任教教师和学生都无法适应等状况屡屡发生，因此在STEM教育热潮中我们需要思考的是国外起源的STEM教育需如何移植到中国的本土教学环境中。STEM课程作为STEM教育的载体，在培养学生STEM 素养与实现人才培养等方面有重要的推进作用。区别于美国的小学全科教学，国内的小学采取的均是单科教学，因此在国内实施STEM课程具有一定的实施难度。但不可忽视的一面是，自STS教育、STSE教育一直到STEM教育在国内的兴起，可明确看出学科教学尤其是科学教育、技术教育等传统学科当前的发展趋势都是呈现融合性与跨学科性的特点，教育部17年新颁布的《义务教育小学科学课程标准》（2017年）在课程内容中新增“技术与工程”领域内容也证实了需加强科学学科与其它学科的联系性。基于国内目前不具备直接开展STEM全科课程的条件，本研究的目的为立足于国内教学现状，开发适合国内小学开展STEM拓展性课程，旨在通过课程提升学生科学素养的同时初步培养学生的STEM素养，提升学生现实情境中的复杂问题解决能力与设计制作能力，并为学生初中与高中的理工科学习与STEM教育深度学习奠定基础。
文章大体划分为以下四部分：
绪论为论文的第一部分，是研究的理论基础部分，包括研究的背景、目的及意义，、文献综述，该部分提出为研究的价值和重要性提供了依据与佐证。通过对国内与国外的文献尤其是STEM课程与STEM素养相关的文献进行梳理，一方面是加深对于各块概念的厘清，另一方面可了解前人的研究状况和该研究的创新所在。另，基于STEM课程建构提供理论基础，分别参考了建构主义学习理论、人本主义课程理论与实践性课程开发理论。接着是研究设计，包括对于研究方法、研究路线、核心概念界定、研究工具编制等。
第二部分为正文的第一章到第二章，是基于STEM教育理念下的小学拓展性课程的开发与设计部分。首先是通过问卷调查分析学生的STEM素养现状与当前存在的问题，以此作为课程设计与开发的依据。接着对于STEM课程策略和课程类型等进行分
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类并分析，并以此为依据提出适合当前中国本土化的STEM整合方式。然后对于STEM 常用课程模式进行论述，并由此提出适合本研究应用的课程设计流程：基于真实情境的问题提出、制定合理的解决的方案、实施方案、优化方案与交流评价。接着从课程设计原则与理念、课程目标、内容、方法、评价六方面建构“基于STEM教育理念的小学课程”。在上述的研究基础上，第二章主要是论述课程的设计与开发。课程开展两个学期，共计十三次活动，课程分为“基于科学的STEM课程模块、基于工程与技
术的STEM 课程模块、STEM综合主题课程模块”三大模块进行教学与开展，满足“真实情境性”、“合作学习”、“科学与工程实践”、“自主性与开放性”等多个课程要素。同时给出四个教学设计案例，包括“制作细胞模型”、“航空工程设计”、“降落伞”等多个主题。
论文的第三章与第四章为第三部分即课程的实施环节与实施效果验证环节，主要是根据课程设计与教学设计面向AQ小学的学生进行教学，给与了能体现STEM特点的典型教学片段，包括最终展示评价、创新设计的教学等片段。研究的学生人数是15人，课程开展历时将近一年，有较多的过程性资料，主要通过问卷、访谈并结合学生过程性的材料包括作业、记录单、实验单、设计图纸、日记等进行分析与评价。
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第五章结论与反思为论文最终部分，研究得出以下主要结论：第一，小学生STEM 素养现状在技术知识、工程知识、能力维度尤其是问题解决能力与物化设计能力上表现堪忧。第二，基于主题式的STEM拓展性课程能提升小学生STEM素养。第三，基于主题式的STEM拓展性课程对科学知识、工程知识、STEM态度提升效果较好，对于STEM能力提升效果不显著。第四，STEM课程需满足“真实问题情境”、“开放性与自主性”、“科学与工程实践”等多要素。最后对本研究进行反思，希望找出不足之处思索未来进一步研究的方向。
关键词：小学生STEM素养；STEM课程；主题式STEM活动
Development and Implementation of Primary School Expansion
Curriculum Bad on STEM Educationjcsp
ABSTRACT
In recent years,STEM education gradually become rearch hot spot,but there are many problems in domestic development process,such as copying foreign teaching cour that lead in teachers and students can't adapt to the curriculum.In nowadays,we need to think about how to transplant the foreign STEM education to China's domestic teaching environment. STEM curriculum,as the carrier of STEM education,plays an important role in fostering students'STEM literacy and creative ability.Different from the general teaching of primary schools in the United States,primary schools in China all adopt single-subject teaching,so it is difficult to implement STEM cours in China.But the development of STS education, STSE education,the STEM education in China,can clearly show that the discipline teaching especially the traditional subjects such as science education and technology education is the development trend of the current integration and interdisciplinary characteristics,.In2017, "primary school science curriculum standard"newly issued by Ministry of Education adds a new content of"technical and engineering fields”which also confirmed that we need
to strengthen the integration of science and other disciplines.The purpo of this study is bad on the domestic current situation of the teaching,the development of suitable for domestic primary school to carry out STEM Expansion Cour,aims to improve students scientific literacy and STEM literacy,students'ability to solve complex problems in real situation and the innovation ability of materialized,and for junior middle school and high school students’deep learning in science and engineering and STEM education bulit the foundation.
The paper is generally divided into the following four parts:
amore什么意思Introduction is the first part of of this paper,which is the theoretical basis of the rearch, including the background,purpo and significance of the rearch,and literature review,this ction provides evidence to show the value and importance of the rearch.Through sorting
out domestic and foreign literatures,especially tho related to STEM curriculum and STEM literacy,on the one hand,we can deepen the clarification of each block of concepts,on the other hand,we can understand the previous rearch status and the innovation of this rearch. Then,it provides the theoretical basis for the construction of STEM curriculum,and refers to the constructivist learning theory,humanistic curriculum theory and practical curriculum development theory respectivel
since的用法>麦当娜演唱会y.The next is the rearch design,including the definition of the core concepts of rearch methods,rearch routes,STEM literacy,and the compilation of rearch tools.
The cond part is from chapter1to chapter2,which is the development and design of the extension curriculum in primary schools bad on the STEM education.Firstly,using the questionnaire survey to analyze the students'STEM literacy status and current problems as a basis for curriculum development.Then,it classifies and analyzes the strategies and types of STEM cours,and puts forward the integration methods of STEM that are suitable for current localization in China.Then,the commonly ud STEM curriculum models are discusd,and the curriculum design process suitable for the application of this study is propod:problem proposal bad on real situations,formulation of reasonable solutions, implementation plans,optimization plans and communication evaluation.Then it constructs "primary school curriculum bad on STEM education philosophy"from six aspects of curriculum design principles and concepts,curriculum objectives,contents,methods and evaluation.On the basis of the above rearch,chapter2mainly discuss the design and development of the curriculum.This Cour sre taught in two mesters,divided into13times, have three big modules"bad on the science of STEM cour module,bad on engineering and technology STEM cour module,STEM comprehensive subject curriculum module", have the following features
like the"real situation","cooperation learning","science and engineering practice","autonomy and openness".At the same time,four teaching design cas are given,including"making cell model","aero engineering design","parachute"and other topics.
Chapters3and4of the paper are the third part,namely the cour implementation and implementation effect verification.The implementation of the curriculum is mainly targeted at
AQ primary school students according to the curriculum design.And typical teaching gments that can reflect the characteristics of STEM are given,including final display evaluation,innovative materialized design and other teaching gments.The number of students in the study is15.The cour lasted for nearly a year,and there were a lot of process materials.Therefore,analysis and evaluation were conducted mainly through questionnaires, interviews and combined with students'process materials,including assignments,record sheets,experiment sheets,design drawings and diaries.
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Chapter5is the last part which shows the rearch conclusion and reflection.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:a.the current status of STEM literacy of primary school students is poor in terms of Technical Knowledge(TK),Engineering Knowledge(EK), Ability Dimension,especially Proble
certaintym Solving Ability(PSA)and creative design ability.b. theme-bad STEM extension curriculum can improve students'STEM literacy. c. theme-bad STEM extension cours have a good effect on promoting Scientific Knowledge(SK),Engineering Knowledge(EK)and STEM Attitude(STEM ATT),but not a significant effect on improving STEM ability.d.STEM curriculum design needs to meet the "real problem situation","openness and autonomy","science and engineering practice"and other elements.At last,this paper reflects on the rearch,hoping to find out the shortcomings and think about the future rearch direction.gene kelly
KEY WORDS：STEM Literacy of Primary School Students；STEM Cour；Thematic STEM Activities
