Lesson Three
Revision of verbs followed by -ing
(后接-ing的动词)
Part One Preview
动词的-ing形式的语态
动词的-ing形式有四级试题及答案主动和被动两种形式,主动式通常表示它的逻辑主语是其动作的执行者;被动式通常表示逻辑主语是动作的承受者时。
韩国mnet音乐排行榜1 主动语态
Walking in the street yesterday afternoon, he came across Mr. Smith.
昨天他在大街上散步时遇到了史密斯先生。
His often coming late made his boss very angry.
他经常迟到使他的老板很恼火。
reachout
2 被动语态
动词的-ing形式的被动语态分为闲逸的意思一般式和完成式两种。
一般式(being done)表示一个被动动作正在进行,或与谓语动词的动作同时发生;
完成式(having been done)表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
I noticed the boy being beaten by his mother.我注意到那男孩挨他母亲的打。
Having been cheated many times, she now believes in nobody. 由于多次受骗,所以她现在对任何人都不信任。
3 -动词的-ing形式主动式表被动含义
a. 在形容词worth之后的动名词,用主动形式表达被动含义。
---What do you think of the book? 你认为这本书怎么样?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth reading a cond time.
奥,很好。值得再读一次。
The film is well worth reading.这部电影很值得看。
b. 在动词want, need, require后跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义,当然这几个动词也可以跟不定式的被动形式去表达此意。二者无任何区别。
This ntence needs improving.= This ntence needs to be improved.
这个句子需要改。
The room requires cleaning. =The room requires to be cleaned.
房间需要打扫了。
My hair wants cutting. = My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理了。
动词的-ing形式的句法功能
(1)动词的-ing形式作主语
维克多英语听力下载Walking is a good form of exerci for both young and old.散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。
Writing headlines in English is not an easy job.用英语写标题不是一件容易的工作。
动词的-ing形式作主语时,为了平衡句子结构,也可用it作形式主语而把动名词置后。在u, good, pity, bore, time, fun, hard, funny, nice, odd, worth, difficult, worthwhile, interesting, tiring, better, enjoyable, pointless, crazy, terrible等名词或形容词作表语时,可用it作形式主语,把作主语的-ing形式倒置。
It's more difficult writing headlines in English than in Chine.
nowornever用英代比用汉语写标题更难。
It is important controlling costs at a newspaper.
控制报纸的费用是重要的。
It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
注意:
there is no + 动名词为常见的结构,相当于It is impossible to do sth.
There is no getting along with him.简直无法和他相处。
小语种就业 There is no persuading her.无法劝说他。
(2)动词的-ing形式作宾语
①作动词宾语
We enjoy swimming very much becau it is good to our health.我们非常喜欢游泳,因为游泳对身体有好处。
只跟动词的-ing作宾语的动词有:admit(承认),advi(见一), appreciate(感谢),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),deny (否认),dislike (不喜欢),enjoy(喜爱),escape(逃脱),excu(原谅),fancy(想象),finish(完成),forgive(原谅,宽恕), imagine(想象),keep (on)(保持),mind(介意),miss(错过),practi
(练习),risk(冒险),suggest(建议),give up(放弃),can't help(禁不住),cannot stand(不能容忍)等。
②作介词宾语。
He studied ways of keeping eds.他研究了种子的保存方法。
She was very interested in working for our company.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 I do not feel like going to work today.今天我不想去上班。 商务舱 英文
She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden. 每年春天她盼望着在鲜花郁郁的公园里散步。
(3)动词的-ing形式作表语
①说明主语的内容,表语和主语可以互换位置,相当于不定式。
Our duty is teaching the students. =Teaching the students is our duty.=Our duty is to teach the students. 我们的任务是教学生。
②说明主语的性质或特征。
The music is exciting. 这首音乐令人兴奋。
(4)动词的-ing形式作定语
①动词的-ing形式作定语说明所修饰中心词的用途,表示“供作……之用”(ud for)的意思。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室不准大声喧哗。
This is a shop dealing with walking sticks.这是一家出售手杖的商店。
②动词的-ing形式作定语说明所修饰中心词的性质,表示“……的”意思。
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?你认识那个躺在树下的男孩吗?
注意:动词的-ing形式作定语的分词如果是单个词,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前;如果
是分词短语,则放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,可以相互转化。
Two days later I received a letter offering me the job =which offered me the job.两天后我收到同意给我这份工作的来信。
鼹鼠的英文(5)动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语或主语补足语
动词的-ing形式一般在感觉、感官动词和使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语表示正在进行的主动意义。
①感觉、感官动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语,这类动词有find,feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,obrve,e,smell,watch等。
His father saw him sitting on some eggs.他父亲看见他坐在鸡蛋上面。
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 如果发现厨师在厨房里抽烟,他会被立即解雇
②使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语,这类动词有catch, get,have, leave,
t,start, keep等。
He tried to start the machine running.
他试图使机器开动起来。
She had the light burning all night long .她让灯亮了一夜。
(6)动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式作状语时,一般用作时间、原因、条件状语时,这些短语通常位于句子的句首;当用作方式、结果、伴随状语时,通常位于句末。
1 作时间状语
Having finished their work, they had a rest.完成了工作之后,他们休息。
Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 河流已经遭受如此严重的污染,现在要想清理也许太晚了。
2 使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足
这类动词有catch, get,have, leave,t,start, keep等。
He tried to start the machine running.
他试图使机器开动起来。
She had the light burning all night long .她让灯亮了一夜。
3 作条件状语
常见的词由supposing, considering等。这类状语多方在前半部。
Working hard(=If you work hard),you'll succeed.努力工作,你会成功的。
4 作结果状语
She died, leaving nothing but debts. 她死了,除了债什么也没留下。
5 让步状语
stereoplayer
Weighing 50 kilograms(=Though it weighed 50 kilograms), the suitca was carried away by him only.