摘要
马克·吐温是美国19世纪的杰出作家，是享誉世界的幽默大师。其代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是世界文学史上的经典之作，学术界对该书给予了充分的关注。这本书通过对哈克和吉姆历险之旅的描述，不仅表现了马克·吐温高超的幽默技巧，更表达了他对文明的思考和对社会的关注。本文试图运用弗洛伊德的“快乐原则”、“现实原则”以及“死亡本能”理论来分析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》一书的内涵，揭示其中的幽默并深入探究幽默背后的创伤。创伤是外部环境及重大事件所导致的内心的束缚感和无力感，这与哈克、吉姆及马克·吐温本人的经历相契合。研究幽默及其背后的创伤可以使我们窥见马克·吐温的创作心理，了解其自身经历对《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》创作的影响, 加深对该作品内涵的理解。
论文共分三大部分：绪论部分、主体部分和总结部分。绪论部分包括马克·吐温和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的简要介绍、相关的文献综述和论文的理论框架。主体部分包含三个章节。第一章立足于弗洛伊德的快乐原则及其幽默观，通过文本细读分析快乐原则胜利的产物——幽默在马克·吐温笔下的精彩呈现。第二章从弗洛伊德的现实原则及其文明观出发，分析现实对哈克和吉姆的束缚以及文明社会对他们造成的创伤。第三章运用弗洛伊德的死亡本能来分析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中隐含的死亡本能以及马克·吐温的死亡观。论文的总结部分依据理论原则和文本分析得出结论：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看似幽默，实则隐含着深深的创伤。香港中文大学 考研
关键词：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；马克·吐温；快乐原则；现实原则；死亡本能与创伤
jingbaAbstract
Mark Twain is an outstanding American writer in the 19th century and a world-renowned humorist, who magnum opus Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic in world literature, which has been attracting full attention in academia. This book not only displays Mark Twain’s extraordinary humorous skills but also express his deep thought on civilization and concern about society through the adventures of Huck and Jim. This thesis attempts to apply Freud’s “pleasure principle”, “reality principle” and “death instinct” theories to analyze the profound meaning of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the humor and thoroughly explore the trauma behind the humor. Trauma, caud by the external environment and momentous events, is the inner restraint and powerlessness, which are consistent with the experiences of Huck, Jim and Mark Twain. Studying humor and the trauma behind humor can give us a glimp of Mark Twain’s psychology of writing, help us understand the influence of his own experience on the creation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and deepen our understanding of the connotation of this work.
The thesis consists of three parts: the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. The introduction includes the brief introduction of Mark Twain and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the relevant literature review and the theoretical framework of the thesis. The main part falls into three c
hapters. Bad on Freud’s pleasure principle and his view on humor, the first chapter analyzes the good reprentation of Mark Twain’s humor, the product of the victory of the pleasure principle, by means of careful reading. The cond chapter starts from Freud’s reality principle and his view on civilization, then goes deep into the constraints of the reality principle upon Huck and Jim and the traumas that they suffer in the civilized society. The third chapter adopts Freud’s death instinct to analyze the death instinct implied in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Mark Twain’s outlook on death. On the basis of theories and textual analys, the last part prents the conclusion of the thesis: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is full of trauma behind the eming humor.
Key words: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; Mark Twain; pleasure principle; reality principle; death instinct and trauma
Contents
摘要 (i)
之后英文
< i i Introduction .. (1)
1.A n Overview on Mark Twain and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1)
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2.L iterature Review (2)
3.T heoretical Foundation (7)
Chapter One Humor: The Victory of Pleasure Principle (11)
1.T he Cathexis and Economy of Readers’ Energy (11)
2.T he Comic Techniques (16)
新片上映电影Chapter Two Trauma: The Effect of Reality Principle (22)
1.T he Trauma of Huck (22)
2.T he Trauma of Jim (29)
Chapter Three Death: The Transcendence of Pleasure Principle (35)
1.D eath Instinct (35)
2.M ark Twain’s View on Death (40)
Conclusion (46)
Bibliography (48)
Acknowledgements (54)
Introduction中国国际广播电台在线收听
1.An Overview on Mark Twain and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn
As a prominently unique and prolific American novelist and lecturer, Mark Twain, who original name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, exerts an enormous and profound influence on American literature. His realistic works reflect on the American society at that time and enjoy widespread popularity. “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavera County” earned him new-found fame, then he successively created a number of works, The Innocents Abroad, Roughing It, The Gilded Age, Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Pudd’nhead Wilson, to name just a few. Mark Twain’s unique language and writing style help him to be one of the most important writers in America. The famous civilian
American writer and the winner of the Nobel prize for literature William Faulkner called him “the father of American literature”.
Mark Twain adds a fresh flavor to American literature becau of his inimitable humor. Engaged in various professions, such as the printer, pilot, journalist, writer, lecturer, Mark Twain has extremely rich experiences in various places, which supplies him with abundant materials and lays the foundation for the formation of his humor, which is widely welcomed throughout the world. Moreover, Mark Twain can e through the nature of society and speak what he feels. His works are not merely full of humor, but also penetrate the reality in a critical way. Although recognized as an excellent humorist and enjoying a great reputation, Mark Twain suffers agony in business and family, and his personality is beyond what he prents in front of the audience and the reader.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most important masterpieces of Mark Twain. Narrated by Huck, a lonesome young boy, this book talks about the journey of Huck and Jim, a runaway slave. It aroud a lot of controversies at first owing to the u of the word “nigger”, which provoked a stir in American literary circle. In the meantime, it has gained in popularity and the relevant rearch has been increasingly conducted. Many
celebrities have praid this work. Ernest Hemingway thinks that all modern American literatures came from one book called Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. T. S. Eliot speaks highly of it, deeming that Huckleberry Finn belongs in the company of the Odysy, Faust, Don Quixote, and other world classics. As a bestller among world classics, it wins the continuing popularity among readers, including children, becau of the humorous style. Nevertheless, beneath humor lie loneliness, terror and death. Gothic style and macabre theme are of great significance in this work, which is cloly related to Mark Twain’s experiences. Despite the fact that a few scholars have noticed it, more relevant rearch is in special need.
2.Literature Review
Foreign rearch on Mark Twain can be traced back to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Mark Twain, liked by numerous loyal readers, has acquired a well-derved reputation. Many scholars, critics and writers began to pay some attention to him and his works before his death, when the study on Mark Twain sprouted slowly. “American famous scholar William L. Phelps published an article in the North American Review in 1907, highly complimenting Mark Twain and his works. He considers Mark Twain to be a real writer of American quality” (Yi 6), who is both talented and diligent. William Dean Howells, editor-in-chief of the Atlantic Monthly and H考研指南
arper’s Monthly and Mark Twain’s good friend, prais Mark Twain as “Lincoln of American Literature”, writing a book My Mark Twain in honor of him.
Brooks-DeV oto controversy in the 1920s and 1930s sparked off the dispute about Mark Twain in the academic circle. The commentator Van Wyck Brooks published his monograph The Ordeal of Mark Twain in 1920, using psychoanalysis, prevalent at that time, to interpret and criticize Mark Twain’s psychology. The cond editor of Twain’s manuscript Bernard Devoto Brooks fought back and affirmed Mark Twain’s unique humor in his book, Mark Twain’s America. Different voices undoubtedly made Mark Twain’s rearch more diversified and prosperous. Mark Twain’s rearch has developed in a thriving way from the 1930s to the prent along with various literary theories and criticism, full of vitality. As Mark Twain’s influential masterpiece, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been studied from various perspectives, involving language, character, realism, religion, race, prototype
奥特曼英文
