DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机
外文文献原稿和译文
原 稿
Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach to
张九龄 望月怀远fire detection and monitoring system
A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhD
D. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhD
repo是什么意思M.S. Khasm, MSc
Indexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoring
Abstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been propod for complex plants. The system us multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. T
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he control algorithm is bad on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of the overall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thus a more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method. 1 Introduction
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Regulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all nsitive areas of the plant or
席琳迪翁春晚the building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control pecifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, s
nuclear plants, residential high-ris etc. A general conclusion of the codes can be spe
rious什么意思cified as the following requirements :
缨尾目
(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactly identifiable by the central station
(b) An extra path of communication between the central station and all local controllers anchorman
(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station 保证英文
43中(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department
(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.
A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in ca of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or relea, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. The additional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.
Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revid to take advantage of the changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. The chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM, IO Ports both rial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet we
obtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, becau of their remote
ness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design, implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of fire detection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the u of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propo a central control and distributed control/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where u is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and obrvability of the monitoring process.
