Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is bad on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypothes formed should be bad on language facts and checked against the obrved facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itlf to the rearch of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. retail是什么意思7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful ntences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into ntences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as mantics. 工程英语翻译12. Both mantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from mantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was propod by F. de Saussure. Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal ur’s k__________ of the rules of his language. 22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete u of the conventions and application of the rules. 23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 西北大学自考 24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols ud for human communication. 25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible ntences in languages is called s________. 26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual u. 28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the ttlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a________ linguistics. 29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its urs. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of ntences which they have never heard before. 30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of language. Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually u, it is said to be _______. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______. A. primary B. correct C. condary D. stable 34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, becau _______. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue 结算英文D. All of the above 35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative 36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view. A. sociological…psychological B. psychological…sociological C. applied…pragmatic D.mantic…linguistic 37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community. A. parole B. performance C. langue spain怎么读D. Language 38. Language is said to be arbitrary becau there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings. A. n B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 39. Language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission 40. The details of any language system is pasd on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct. A. learningwolf B. teaching 登楼翻译C. books D. both A and B Ⅳ. Define the following terms: 41. Linguistics 42. Phonology 43. Syntax 44. Pragmatics 45. Psycholinguistics 46. Language 47. Phonetics 48. Morphology 49. Semantics 50. Sociolinguistics 51. Applied Linguistics 52. Arbitrariness 53. Productivity 54. Displacement 55. Duality 56. Design Features 57. Competence 58. Performance 59. Langue 60. Parole Suggested answers to supplementary exercis: Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F 11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. F Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or systematic) Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D Ⅳ. Define the following terms: 41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 42. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and ud in communication is called phonology. 43. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form ntences is called syntax. 放肆的意思44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of u is called pragmatics. 45. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 46. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication. 47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are ud in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. 49. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called mantics. 50. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. 51. Applied linguistics: In a narrow n, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and cond languages. In a broad n, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability. 52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its urs. 54. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be ud to refer to things which are prent or not prent, real or imagined matters in the past, prent, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 55. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two ts of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal ur’s knowledge of the rules of his language, 58. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication. 59. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the t of conventions and rules which language urs all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently 有道60. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual u; parole is the concrete u of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation. |
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