国际贸易结算术语相关解释
议付银行
议付银行(Negotiating Bank)是指根据开证行的授权买入或贴现受益人开立和提交
的符合信用证规定的汇票及/或单据的银行。议付行是接受开证行在信用证中的邀请并且信
任信用证中的付款担保，凭出口商提交的包括有代表货权的提单在内的全套出口单证的抵押，
而买下单据的。议付行议付后，向开证行寄单索偿。如果开证行发现单据有不符信用证要求
的情况存在，拒绝偿付，则议付行有向受益人或其它前手进行追索的权利。
受益人
受益人（Beneficiary）是指信用证上所指定的有权使用该证的人，即出口人或实际
供货人。受益人有权依照信用证条款和条件提交汇票及/或单据要求取得信用证的款项。受
益人交单后，如遇开证行倒闭，信用证无法兑现，则受益人有权向进口商提出付款要求，进
口商仍应负责付款。这时，受益人应将符合原信用证要求的单据通过银行寄交进口商进行托
收索款。如果开证行并未倒闭，却无理拒收，受益人或议付行可以诉讼，也有权向进口商提
出付款要求。
承兑行
承兑行(Accepting Bank)。远期信用证如要求受益人出具远期汇票的，会指定一家银
行作为受票行，由它对远期汇票做出承兑，这就是承兑行。如果承兑行不是开证行，承兑后
又最后不能履行付款，开证行应负最后付款的责任。若单证相符，而承兑行不承兑汇票，开证行可指示受益人另开具以开证行为受票人的远期汇票，由开证行承兑并到期付款。承兑行付款后向开证行要求偿付。
偿付行
偿付行(Reimbursing Bank)是开证行指定的对议付行或付款行、承兑行进行偿付的代理人。为了方便结算，开证行有时委托另一家有账户关系的银行代其向议付行、付款行或承兑行偿付，偿付行只有在
开证行存有足够的款项并受到开证行的偿付指示时才付款。偿付行偿付后再向开证行索偿。偿付行的费用以及利息损失一般由开证行承担。偿付行不受单和审单，因此如事后开证行发现单证不符，只能向索偿行追索而不能向偿付行追索。如果偿付行没有对索偿行履行付款义务，开证行有责任付款。
保兑银行
保兑银行（Confirming Bank），通常称为保兑行，是指出口国或第三地的某一银行应proxy rver
开证行的请求，在信用证上加注条款，表明该行与开证行一样，对收益人所提示的符合信用证规定的汇票、单据负有付款、承兑的责任。
付款银行
付款银行(Paying Bank; Drawee Bank)是开证行授权进行信用证项下付款或承兑并支
付受益人出具的汇票的银行。通常，付款银行就是开证行，也可以是开证行指定的另一家银行。如果开证行资信不佳，付款行有权拒绝代为付款。但是，付款行一旦付款，即不得向受
益人追索，而只能向开证行索偿。
通知银行
通知银行(Advising Bank, Notifying Bank)是指受开证行的委托将信用证转交受益
人的银行。通知银行是出口人所在地的银行。通知行的责任是及时通知或转递信用证，证明信用证的真实性并及时澄清疑点。如通知行不能确定信用证的表面真实性，即无法核对信用证的签署或密押，则应毫不延误地告知从其收到指示的银行，说明其不能确定信用证的真实性。如通知行仍决定通知该信用证，则必须告知受益人它不能核对信用证的真实性。
开证银行
开证银行(Opening Bank, Issuing Bank, Establishing Bank)是指接受开证申请人的要求和指示或根据其自身的需要，开立信用证的银行。开证行一般是进口人所在地银行。
开证行是以自己的名义对信用证下的义务负责的。虽然开证行同时受到开证申请书和信用证
goldfinger本身两个契约约束，但是根据UCP500第3条规定，开证行依信用证所承担的付款、承兑汇
票或议付或履行信用证项下的其他义务的责任，不受开证行与申请人或申请人与受益人之间
产生纠纷的约束。开证行在验单付款之后无权向受益人或其它前手追索。()
国际贸易付款方式术语
3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证
L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证
5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证
7.L/C with T/T reimburment clau 带电汇条款信用证
8.without recour L/C/with recour L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证
9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证
10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C延付信用证/预支信用证
11.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C对背信用证/对开信用证
Selling Agent 销售代理
According to the power the principal has delegated to a lling agent, the
agent may just introduce the potential customer to the principal or actually
negotiate and conclude the contract between the two parties. The have the following characteristics:
a) An agent can only operate within the marketing territory authorized by the principal.
b) An agent does not carry stock. The goods are carried only as consignment
inventory. Payment is bad on delivery to the ultimate buyer.
c) The principal (exporter) t the retail price, retains title and controls the goods.
d) The profit and risk of loss remains within the principal, unless the agent is a del credere one.
e) Agents are usually paid with commission.
按照委托人所授予其代理人的权利，销售代理可能只负责向委托人介绍潜在客户或者
实际谈判并签订双方间的合同。代理人有以下几个特点：
a)代理人只能在委托人所授权的代理区域内执行代理业务。
b)代理人本身不储存货物。代理人手中的货物均为代销的货物，待最终的买主付款后，委托人才能收到货款。
c)委托人（出口商）决定货物的零售价格，拥有所有权并控制货物。
d)委托人既享有利润有承担亏损风险，除非代理人为保付代理。
e)代理人的报酬通常为佣金。
商品品质描述
商品品质决定交易本质上的价值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。
贸易上的品质决定方法有：凭样品买卖，凭标准买卖，凭规格买卖等。下面我们来看
看品质的表达发。
[品质优良]：quality is excellent/ superior/ very good/ fine/ best/ high/
wonderful/ supreme/ attractive
[品质低劣]：quality is bad/ inferior/ not good/ poor/ imperfect/ defective/ faulty/ cond-rate/ lower/ unsatisfactory
[品质保证]：retain the good quality; keep up to the standard quality; obtain a good quality; attain the best quality; cure an excellent quality
[物品以达标准品质]：An article is up to the standard quality; An article is
of the same quality as the standard; An article is equal to the standard quality;
An article is the same as the standard quality
[物品在标准以下]：An article is below the standard
[物品在标准以上]：An article is above the standard
[物品和样品一致]：An article is up to the sample; An article corresponds with the sample; An article is equal to the sample.
-average quality 标准品质
We would like to buy 500 tons of average quality corn.
-customary quality 一般品质
The quality of the goods shipped is customary quality.
-best quality, prime quality, first-rate quality 最佳品质
The goods supplied shall only be tho of best quality.
-quality inspection certificate 品质检验证书
Plea be sure to attach a quality inspection certificate.
-difference in quality 品质上的差异
There is a big difference in quality between the trial order and the order
of this time.
-guarantee of quality 品质保证
We request a guarantee of quality for a period of one year on all the goods
you ll.
-sacrifice quality 降低品质
名著在线阅读
If you sacrifice the quality and deliver goods of imperfect quality to us, well will refu acceptance of them.
市场行情描述
市况上扬': The market advances.
The market gains.
contessa
The market ris.
'市况下挫': The market declines.
The market falls.
The market los.
'市况活跃': The market booms.
The market is excited.
The market becomes active.
The market becomes brisk.
'市况暴跌停滞': The market slumps.
The market becomes dull.anx
The market breaks down.
'市况走势上扬，市况攀升走高': The market is on the up grade.
The market is on an upward trend.
The market tends upward.trespassing
'市况走势下跌，市况下划走低': The market is on the down grade.
The market tends downward.
福特总统
The market is on a downward trend.
The market takes downward.
'市况狂跌': The market declines.
google code jamThe market drops.
The market sags.
'市况暴涨': The market jumps.
The market advances.
The market soars.
市场行情百态
[动词]上扬情况：The market improves (好转) / picks up (扬升) / hardens (转趋坚俏) / stiffens (坚挺) / revives (复苏) / rebounds (反弹) / regains (恢复) / rallies (重振) .
下跌趋势：The market collaps (崩溃) / relaxes (疲软) .
英语语法新思维
行情波动：The market fluctuates (波动).
[形容词]上扬情况：The market is strong (强劲) / firm (坚稳) / exciting (活跃) / advancing (爬升) / healthy (健康).
下跌趋势：The market is weak (疲软) / soft (疲软) / easy (缓慢).
平稳不变：The market is quite (静止) / calm (平静) / unchanged (不变) / steady (平稳)/ supported (平持)
男士美容外贸英语常见缩写
1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价
2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单
4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
