高考英语阅读理解专题复习指导教案
一、《英语考试大纲》要求
1、理解主旨和要义； 2、理解文中具体信息；
3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；left out 4、做出简单判断和推理；
5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
二、阅读理解命题分类
1、主旨大意型2、事实细节型3、词义猜测型4、推理判断型
三、事实细节型
（一）、事实细节型解题要领
1、文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
2、忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
3、常见提问形式
1） Which of the following is TRUE （ Not True） according to the information in the passage?
2） Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
3）The author mentions all the following except ______.
4）In the passage, the author states that ____.
5） 以when, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句。
4、例题
Example 1 （08浙E）……
One day, I told my mother I’d changed my mind. I didn't want to make a success in the m
agazine business.
“If you think you can change your mind like this,” she replied, “you will become a good-for-nothing.” She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, lling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me.
What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up?
A. She forced him to continue. B. She punished him.
C. She gave him some money. D. She changed her plan.
Example 2
Want to be a volunteer for Beijing Olympics in 2008? Recently, the recruiting started.
The recruiting of Beijing Olympics Volunteer starts from Aug 28, 2006 to end of March 2008.
Stage 1: Beijing Volunteers
From August 28, 2006, the program opens to applicants in Beijing （and Beijing only）.
negotiationStage 2: China Volunteers
From Dec, 2006, people from outside Beijing can submit their application.
Stage 3: Overas Volunteers
By March 2007, people from outside China （including in other countries） can apply for volunteering in Olympics 2008.
The Program
Travel, hotel are not provided. Only working meal is available for volunteers （makes n, isn't it?）
If you have any questions, just call Olympics Volunteer hotline: +86-10-12308
1.Who has the most time to apply for volunteering in Olympics 2008 ?
A. Liling from Beijing B. Wangbing from Tianjin .
C. Jane from Australia D. Dongdong from Yunnan.
2.Being a volunteer in Olympics 2008 , you can enjoy free ________ rvice.
A. food B. taxi C. hotel D. ticket
事实细节型----心得体会
此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
（二）词义猜测型解题要领
1、常见提问形式：
1） Which of the following is the clost in meaning to the word？
2） could best be replaced by.
3） paragraph, means （refers to）.
4） According to the passage,... probably means.
5） The author us to mean.
2、猜测词义的常见方法
newscientist一、是针对性的解释
1）根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, reprent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territoryrop is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）2016高考英语听力spartaas its own.
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
新东方四级作文模板
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,who cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .
共建和谐校园
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can e many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Parklwjj
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过who引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2）根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The cour gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。
二、是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：dpawhile 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
