2019年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.
A accept
B understand
C support
D include
22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye.
A blow out
B give out
C get away with
D come out with
23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.
A reforming
B yielding
C breeding
D conceiving.
24. Once a proposal goes into place, it’s next to impossible to rever it.
A overthrow
B enhance
C implement
D provoke.
25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.
A participated in
B en to
C concentrated on
D involved in
26. The majority of the graduate students have but one aspiration ---- to be top economists.
A inspiration
B ambition
C request
D acquisition
27. She is found immerd in her studies almost every time I call at her room.
A absorbed in
B submerged in
C saturated with
D agonized by
28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.
A given out
B ruled out
turn upC written out
elegance
D turned out
29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.
A committed
B compelled
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C grateful
D respectful
30. Humans has the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas and fancies.
A novel
B particular
C arbitrary
D fantastic
Section B ( 0.5 point each)
31. The ____ salesperson of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.
A prospective
B perspective
C respective
D protective
32. Skin, being sturdy and _____and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.
A flexible
B loo
C elastic
D resourceful
33. Since teacher behaviour is ____ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.
A held up =exhibit, display,
B ud up
C kept up
D dresd up
34. The concept of personal choice ____ health behaviours is an important one.
A in face of
B in ca of
C in relation to
D in charge of
35. The so-called “brain drain” refers to the fact people carry ing heavy responsibilities become disillusioned and end up by ____.
A immigrating
B migrating
C integrating
D emigrating
36. As fulfillment ldom ____to anticipation, there is no need to feel upt.
A amounts
B corresponds
C adds
D contributes.
37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity ___with cancer-causing pathways.
A coupled
B stained
C associated
D integrated
38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded curity beyond what was really ____
A called for
B called forth
C called up
D called at
什么叫会计39. The display of goods needs to be ___with the store’s atmosphere.
A persistent
B existent
C insistent
D consistent
40. The Christians often ask themlves what they have to do to live an ____life.
A external
B original
C eternal
D optimal
Part II. Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chicken ! And its meat is to popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.
The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 .
Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raid by millions of houholds for domestic and commercial u.
Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25, 000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 the mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding the birds. Many of the birds raid by such methods are easily to die off---- some as 48 of the deadly dia ----the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housi
ng for them, or to protect them from dias. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.
41. A estimates B evaluations C judges D legislations
42. A Surprisingly B Esntially C Additionally D Generally
43. A up till B rather than C out of D not until
44. A investment B venture C administration D adventure
45. A by far B by and by C for good D for all
46. A that B tho C them D it
47. A conceal B condemn C commence D command
48. A witness B sacrifices C donations D victims
49. A know-how B how-so C in-the-know D how-come
50. A Becau of B Due to C For D As
Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points 1 point each)
Passage One
Of all the accessories and adornments to clothes, one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hood and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.
Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and conquence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it ems today, wing superfluous buttons on cloths became a craze---- not one that ems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience---- a sound whipping. How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!
Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact rve a uful purpo. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a remin
der of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.
On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days
hormen ud the buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.
With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.
So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.
51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?
A They have little function.
B They are the only uful accessory.
C They receive the least attention among accessories.
D They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.
52. According to the author, ____
A buttons are ud as ornaments only in modern times.
B buttons have been ud as ornaments since the 14th century.
C buttons were ud as ornaments before the 13th century.
D buttons have been ud as ornaments on and off throughout the history.
53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________
A were a symbol of wealth.
B were occasionally put on clothes.
C began to have practical functions.
D reprented the wearer’s artistic taste
54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once ___
A loved by every citizen .
B banned becau they were a craze.
C considered harmful and nobody wore them.
D forbidden on the upper arms.
55. It ems to the author that buttons ____
A are worth a cond look.
B have never rved any function
C should not be wed on coats.
D play an important role in our lives.
56. Male and female dress is now buttoned __________
A on the right side
B on the left side
C on different sides C on the same sides.
Passage Two
Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impo on ourlves can be undone when finally clean up our act.
If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn’t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?
To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itlf,provided the damage is not too great.
The effects of some bad habits ---smoking, in particular---can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed.
“Any time you improve your behaviour and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on,” says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It’s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance. “
But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical rearch:
---- A study concluded that women who consume a s little as two rvings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that women who eat less than one rving of fish a month.
---- The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline.
Adopting healthy habits won’t cure all that bothers you, of cour. But doctors believe that many chronic dias ----from high blood pressure to heart dia and even some cancers---- can be warded off with a few nsible changes in lifestyle.
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N ot sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn’t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make en ough changes, and you’ll discover you’ve adopted a new way of life.
57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ____
A they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades.
B their bodies can’t be damaged by the bad habits.
C their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside.
D they can force themlves to clean up the bad habits later.
58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ____
A is ldom apparent .
B is clearly shown in the mirror.
C will appear obvious sooner or later.
D is still a question.
59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caud by bad habits _______
A when the damage is not very rious.
B no matter how rious the damage is.
C after we have dropped our bad habits.
D much more slowly than we think.
60. According to the recent announcements, ____
A women should eat as much fish as possible.
gre词汇量要求B women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men.
C eating a little more f ish can improve women’s health.
D men don’t have to eat as much fish as women.
61. It is implied in the passage that _____
A smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers.
B the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers.
C smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking.
D chronic dias can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking.
62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____
A when we should start quitting our bad habits.
B it doesn’t matter how we start quitting our bad habits.
C that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us.
D it’s never too late to start making nsible changes in our lifestyle.
Passage Three
Our true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a way to l
ive rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet’s biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collap of the very elements that keep us alive.
An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and, better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choo from today than there were 100 years ago?
Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of tho are extinct. But does diversity really matter?priorto
In the 1840’s, Ireland’s population exceeded eight million, making it the most denly populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.
In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant dia known as blight struck and wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest ----The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devas tation came the next year. Farmers has no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering
was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Tho remaining suffered from crushing poverty.dspace
In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants expod to dia
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or pests, which can destroy an enti re regions’ harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent u of pesticides , even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.
Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in respon to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promis ea of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But thes trends may be destroying man’s own food supply.
63. The main idea of the passage is __________
A It is important to protect the earth’s bio-diversity.
B man is destroying his own food supply.
C we now have fewer bio-species than before.
D numerous strains of plants can resist plagues.
64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States ___________
A it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family.
B over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed.
C we have done our best to protect it.
D it is as wide as it was 100 years ago.
65. The author tells the sto ry in Ireland in the 1840’s to show that _________
A farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America.
B potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay.
C lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes.
D bio-diversity is esntial to life on earth.
66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840’s__________
A caud blight to strike Ireland repeatedly.
B caud Ireland’s population to decline by half.
C destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition.
D riously devastated Ireland’s economy.
67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants_________
A ward off some disastrous dias and pests.
B resist natural disasters such as droughts.
C withstand the harmful effect of pesticides.
D yield bumper harvests.
68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?
A They want to make more money.
B They want to have a higher output.
C They want to prevent the destruction of human food.
D They want to make their products more attractive. Passage Four
It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man’s purpo is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.
Okay, so that’s the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man’s lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well , men are supercharged with testosterone. A
addside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increas levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart dia of stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and rais “good” cholesterol.
As Perls’s study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the ont of puberty and an increa in reckless and violent behavior in males. Rearchers refer to it as a ‘testosterone storm.’ Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide….and drownings.”
While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn’t account for the ont of fatal illness at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illness like heart dia, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnod with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illness four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adver to eing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its’ t rue.
If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England
