第二节 方法运用于命题
阅读理解的常考命题
1.细节理解题
细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大,但这部分题目相对来说比较简单,只要通过题干的关键词,在文中找到题目的相关信息,仔细对比,就能得出答案.其正确选项特征为:同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等.其干扰项特征为:张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等.
2.词义猜测题迪士尼英语
高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大.英语口语教程词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力,考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力,而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围.要做好该类试题需要:利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等);根据语法知识猜测词义;根据上下文逻辑猜测词义;根据构词法猜测词义;根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等.
3.推理判断题
hero第一季推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思,通过逻辑关系,研究细节,推敲作者的态度,理解文章寓意的能力.推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话,甚至是文章或段落的主题,弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键.其正确选项特征为:立足原文,只推一步;一般不可出现绝对概念.其干扰选项特征为:曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等.
4.主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现.其正确选项特征为:涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段;确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小;精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩.其干扰选项特征为:过于笼统,不知所云;以偏概全,主次不分;移花接木,偷换概念;无中生有,生搬硬套等.
注意 解答各类命题时往往是多法并举,而不是一种方法解决一种题.
(2017·天津,B)
Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的) viewofthebluea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipaudtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmylftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.
Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,pronandplantedherlfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.
PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?二烯烃Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheemedsoconte
ntinherobrvation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.
Another15minutespasdandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherprenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,achieve是什么意思somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecauthiswomaningagingwithit.
Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉) andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhou.
Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,graspforsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.
Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,paratedonlybyathinsquareofglass.
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文.作者主要讲述了自己十五年前暑假时在意大利南部城市莱切观光时的一次经历:作者拍风景时一位陌生的女士进入了作者的镜头.这张照片让作者联想到很多事情并引发了作者对人生的深层感悟. |
|
41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?
A.中学英语教材Hercamerastoppedworking.
B.Awomanblockedherview.
C.Someoneaskedhertoleave.
D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题.根据第二段中的“...awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherlfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知,就在“我”拿出相机的时候,一位女士从后面走过来,正好停在“我”的视线前面,即“我”的视线被挡住(blocked)了,故选B项.
42.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably.
A.enjoyingherlf
B.losingherpatience
C.waitingforthesunt
D.thinkingaboutherpast
答案 A
解析 细节理解题.根据第三段中的“withthat.”可知,选A项.
43.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?
A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.
B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.
C.Thewoman’xistenceinthephoto.
D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题.根据第四段中的“...Ithinkherprenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.”可知,作者认为,那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣,即:那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生动.故选C项.
44.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand.
A.theneedtobeclotonature
B.backspacetheimportanceofprivatespace
C.thejoyofthevacationinItaly
D.thesharedpassionforbeauty
答案 D
解析 推理判断题.根据第六段中的“...toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知,通过那张照片作者明白了:我们都欣赏美,都有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求.由此可知,这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱.
45.Thepassagecanbeenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon.
A.aparticularlifeexperience
B.thepleasureoftraveling
C.theartofphotography
D.alostfriendship
答案 A
解析 推理判断题.本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟,故选A
项.
(2017·天津,C)
Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,恶魔猎手英文AlexanderDobrindt,propodthefirsttofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.
Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweenmi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.
Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosproperty(财产) damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbadonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.