一、数字表达类(Numbers)
1.英语中纯数字的表达方法
小数和分数:
0.17:zero point one ven / point venteen / zero point venteen
1/2 :one half
1/3:one /a third
3/4 :three fourths
7'2:5ven and two fifths
大于100的数字:
101:one hundred (and )one
200 :two hundred
998:nine hundred (and )ninety'eight
在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话:
大于1000的数字:
1001: a/one thousand (and)one
2,232: two thousand two hundred (and)thirty'two
900,732,266,043
nine hundred billion ven hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three
英语中一千以上数字的表达方法是以三位数为单元,从高到低依次为billion,million,thousand。
2.英语中时间的表达方法
英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。
(1)直接法。
上午八点: eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]
下午九点: nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]
六点六分:six six
六点三十二:six thirty two违约责任英文
八点正:eight o'clock
(2)借用介词法。
八点四十五: a quarter to nineboss是什么意思
egyptian
七点零五分: five past ven
七点五十四: six to eight
六点半:half past six
(3)表示正点的用法。
十一点正:at 11 o'clock sharp
at 11 o'clock on the hour
at 11 o'clock on the strike
正午12点: at noon
午夜12点: at midnight
(注:12点22分可读作:twelve twenty-two:twenty-two past twelve(英式说法);twenty-two after twelve(美式说法)
1点15可读作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式说法):a quarter after one(美英说法)
8点50分可读作:eight fifty;ten to nine(英式说法);ten before nine(美式说法)
1点40分可读作:one forty;twenty to two(英式说法);twenty before two(美式说法)
“提前半小时”可用:half an hour early;thirty minutes early;early by half an hour;half an hour ahead of time;half an hour ahead of schedule等来表示。)
3.英语中货币的表达方法
英国货币:penny(便士)/pence (penny的复数),pound (£)
£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以简单地写作:twenty fifty
美国货币:
1美元钞票a S|1.00 bill
1 dollar=100 cents
(S|1.00=one dollar)
(S|2.00=two dollars)
25美分1 quarter
10美分1 dime
5美元1 nickel
solstice1美分1 penny
S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.
(注:表示正常价格:regular price,normal price.
表示价格划算:a good buy, a better buy,an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.
表示价格较贵:dear,expensive,more expensive,steep.
表示价格便宜:cheap,inexpensive,bargain price,less expensive.
表示减价出售:sale price,on sale,garage sale,Christmas sale,special price.
词组:discount,half,double,cut off,knock off,twice as much as ,cross off,etc.)
在汉英笔译和英语写作中,经常会遇到数字;哪些场合用单词表示,哪些场合用阿拉伯数字表示,往往使人难以确定,现行语法书中也极少涉及此类问题。
实际上,以英语为母语的国家,在书写数字时已形成几条约定俗成的规则,现总结如下。
一. 英美等国的出版社在排版时遵循一条原则,即1至10用单词表示,10以上的数目用阿拉伯数字(也有的以100为界限),这条原则值得我们行文时借鉴。
Eg. That table measures ten feet by five.
那个工作台长10英尺,宽5英尺。
Eg. The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class ssion two or three times a week.
由一个教授和十名学生每周会晤两三次,每次授课时间45到50分钟,是大学程度课堂教学的传统方式。
二. 人数用阿技伯数字表示显得更简洁明了,但不定数量、近似值用单词表示较恰当。
Eg. There are 203817 voters on the electoral rolls.
选举名单上有203817个投票人。
Eg. Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election.
福步论坛近3万个投票人参加了这次选举。
三. 遇到日期、百分比、带单位的特殊数字,通常用阿拉伯数字。
申克的救赎Eg. Maximum swivel of table is l20.
工作台的最大回转角度是120度。
Eg. 3rd March l991或3 March l991;
a discount of 5 percent(5%的折扣);暂停英文
Eg. purchad 7 yards of carpet(买7码地毯);
Eg. ordered 2 pounds of minced steak(订购2磅剁碎的肉)。
如果涉及的数目和单位是不定数,可用单词表示。
Eg. about five miles per hour(每小时大约5英里)
Eg. at least ten yards away(至少有10码远)
农副产品税率kisi
Eg. hesitated for a moment or two(犹豫了片刻)
Eg. I have warned you a hundred times(我已经警告你多少遍了)。
四. 在科技文章中,数字频繁出现,用阿拉伯数字比用单词陈述更有利。
Eg. The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 litres and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute.
这台新发动机的容积为4.3升,转速为每分钟4400转时输出功率是153千瓦。
Eg. We know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0oC and 76cm,pressure is 0.08l pound, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.
我们知道,1立方英尺的空气在0摄氏度和760毫米汞柱压力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是说12立方英尺空气的重量是1磅。
五. 句首不用阿拉伯数字,句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字。中级口译口试时间
Eg. 4th July is an important date in American history.
应该写成The fourth
Eg. 19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition.
19对选手参加了交际舞比赛。
应改写成:Nineteen
Eg. 60%profit was a reported.
据报道有60%的利润。
应改写成:Sixty per cent profit…
Eg. 1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar.
试验时在杆的中点加1345公斤力。
可改成When tested, a force of l345 kg
六. 遇到分数,可用带连字符号的单词表示。