【检验美国高中生水平的100个单词】的朋友,先检验一下自己认识多少个,可先到【全部100个单词
全部100个单词
或点击链接网址:/s/blog_4e8d2f290102e5m2.html。
尽管只有100个词,但仍然可以找到最少15组同源词,也有含相同构词成分(如后缀-ous, -ate等)的不少词。
词源解词必然会涉及音变知识,因前边博文里已经有这方面的内容,故涉及音变的主要在“点”。
1. kowtow/ˏkauˏtau; kaʊˋtaʊ/(来自汉语的koutou)
v . ~ (to sb/sth) to show sb in authority too much respect and be too willing to obey them叩头;磕头;卑躬屈膝;唯命是从jules verne
We will not kowtow to the government.
Europe/ˏjuərəp US ˏjur-/(在来源上不确定,传统上一直同Europa“欧罗巴”联系在一起:腓尼基王Agenor阿革诺耳的女儿,被宙斯化作白牛劫到克里特,生下三个儿子。eur=eury宽,op脸,眼,Europa表示宽阔的脸庞、宽额或大眼睛的,作为欧洲大陆,本身的意思为“西”方或“日落”的地方→)
n.欧洲
European/juərəˏpɪən; ˏjʊrəˋpiən/(Europe欧洲,-an…的,属于)
a.欧洲的,欧洲人的
n.欧洲人
2. euro/juərəu/(来自Eurocurrency的缩写和变化,curr跑→移动→流动,-ency 名词后缀;不断流动的东西→currency 货币;通行,流行)
n. a unit of money that can be ud in most countries of the European Union 欧元Prices are given in pounds and euros.
nanometer其实是“(矮)小”“米”,meter是“米”,音译“纳米”,nano代表“纳”,指的是10-9数量级(one billionth),当然是很“小”了,nano中的o是连接字母,
故nan代表“小”,而在普通词汇中,nan代表little old woman,nun与nan比较,仅是元音字母发生变化。expo是什么意思
credit card
nun/nʌn; nʌn/(来自后期拉丁语nonna …an old woman‟)
n.修女,尼姑
3. nanotechnology/ˏnænəutekˏnɔlədʒi US -noutekˏnɑː-/(nano代表nanometer,technology技术,即:any techno logy on the scale of nanometers →)n. 纳米技术
Despite the growing pains, many experts say nanotechnology is catching on much faster than they had expected.
technology, text还有toilet都是简单词,它们都与一个词根tect同源。
text, techn, tect 编织,编造,造
印欧词根形式为*teks-,techn, tecton均为带后缀的形式。
architect里的tect其实是来自希腊语的tekton“木匠,建造者,制造者”,tect
造→带后缀的形式tecton.
4. tectonic/tek'tɑnɪk/(tect造→带后缀的形式tecton木匠,建造者,制造者,-ic 形容词后缀;属于和建造者、建筑有关的→)
udv
a. 1. of or pertaining to building or construction; constructive; architectural 建筑(学)的;构造的;
2. (geology) connected with the structure of the earth's surface 【地质学】地壳构造的
...the tectonic plates of the Pacific region which are parating from the East Pacific Ridge.
tauto看起来是不是有些怪异?其实它来自希腊语to auto,其中的to是中性定冠词,意思是the,也与the同源。auto是“自己,自身”,tauto就是the same dialogue是两个人之间的“对话”,词根为log,还有apology里的log。lecture等含同源词根。
印欧词根*leg-“收集,说”对应lex“说”。
希腊语λογος (logos )表示:
1. 话,话语;
2. 谈话,对话;
3. 字,词;
4. 话题,主题;
5. 原理,原则,准则,规律。
-logy表示:
1. …学,…论;
2. 说话,语词
所以不要仅限于知道-ology是“…学”,要知道-o- + -logy = -ology,而-logy与词根lect等紧密联系着。
也要明白为什么把nanotechnology,tautology, lexicon要放在一起?
5. tautology/tɔːˏtɔlədʒɪ; tɔˋtɑlədʒɪ/(tauto相同的,-logy说话,语词) n. a statement in which you say the same thing twice in different words, when this is unnecessary, for example 'They spoke in turn, one after the other.' 同义反复;赘述'The money should be adequate enough' is an example of tautology.
6. lexicon/ ˏleksɪkən; US -kɔn; ˋlɛksɪkɑn/(lex(is) 说话,措辞,词语,-ic 形
容词后缀,对应希腊语的-ikos,lexicon来自希腊语lexikos的中性,即最后的-on 属于语法变化带来的;属于词语的→)
n. 1. technical all the words and phras ud in a language or that a particular person knows (某语言或学科、某人或群体使用的)全部词汇
2. a list of words on a particular subject or in a language in alphabetical order(某学科或语言的)词汇表
3. a dictionary, especially one of an ancient language, such as Greek or Hebrew(尤指希腊语或希伯来语等古代语言的)词典, 字典
broadspectrumChocolate equals sin in most people's lexicon.
a cute little baby 里的cute来自acute,包括acid在内,都含有词根:
ac尖
印欧词根形式为*ak-。
7. acumen/ˏækjumen/(ac尖→带后缀的形式acu削尖,变锋利,敏锐,-men 名词后缀;理解、判断等尖锐、敏锐→)
n.[U] the ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly 敏锐; 精明; 聪明
The firm's success is largely due to Brannon's commercial acumen.
耆寿耇老化学符号O大家都知道吧?很多酸中都含有“氧”,Antonie Laurent Lavoisier当初认为氧存在于所有酸中,oxygen的字面意思是“产生(gen)酸(oxy)的物质”,酸acid的词根ac与氧oxygen里的oxy为同源词根
eskimooxide/ˏɔksaɪd; ˋɑksaɪd/(来自法语oxygene=oxygen + acide=acid,氧和另一种元素或基团的化合物→)n. 氧化物
8. oxidize/ˏɔksɪdaɪz/(oxide=oxide,-ize treat or combine with使与…结合)vt. (technical) to combine or to make sth combine with OXYGEN, especially when this caus metal to become covered with RUST(使)氧化;(使)生锈(因氧化而形成)
Aluminium is rapidly oxidized in air.
The original white lead pigments have oxidized and turned black.
university里有vers。
nobler>complicated是什么意思adverti即“做广告”就是要使注意力“转向”某事。
Conver(匡威)这个品牌取自于创办人Marquis M. Conver先生的姓氏,
Conver即康弗斯,含义是“皈依者(convert)”,就是完全(con-)虔诚地“转”(vers)向某一宗教组织,词根vers和vert都是“转”。
9. incontrovertible/ˏɪŋkɔntrəˏvɜːtəbl/(in- 不,contro-=contra- 反对,vert 转,controvert转向相反→持有相反的观点→反驳,就…展开争论;-ible可…的;不可反驳的→)
a. definitely true and impossible to be proved fal无可争辩的,不容置疑的,无可辩驳的
There is now incontrovertible evidence that the government is violating the agreement.
10. vortex/ˏvɔːteks; ˋvɔrtɛks/(是vertex的变体,即vort=vert转,-ex名词后缀;风、水等旋转得很快形成的→)
n. (pl复数作~es或-tices / -tɪsiːz; -tɪˏsiz/)
1. (technical) a mass of air, water, etc. that spins around very fast and pulls things into its centre(风或水形成的)旋风,旋涡会计职责
2. (literary) a very powerful feeling, force or situation that you cannot avoid or escape from: (感情或局势的)旋涡
I was sucked into a vortex of despair.
want除了“要”,还有“缺乏,缺少”的意思,词根wan就表示“缺”,“缺”失了就有“空”。
wan(t), van, vain, vac空,缺
印欧词根形式为*(e)wa-n-“离开,离弃,用完,耗尽”,所以派生词的意思为“被离弃的,缺乏的,空的”。词根为vac, wan等是wa, va等带后缀或扩展的形式。
记得有人区分不了vacation和vocation,其实二者最大的区别在词根,词根vac 是“空,缺”,空出的一段时间就是vacation。
11. vacuous/ˏvækjuəs/(vac空,u=-uus 形容词后缀,vacu就是拉丁语vacuus 空的,-ous有…特性的;头脑里空的→)
a. (formal) showing no sign of intelligence or nsitive feelings 无知的;空洞的; 无意义的
a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile
Male models are not always so vacuous as they are made out to be.
vanish中的也是van空,当然还有vain: