膝关节前参考和后参考区别
泰国宣布紧急状态前参考:以股骨前皮质为参考，前方截骨位置恒定，后髁截骨厚度发生变化。
避免前方皮质多切èNotching,更好重建髌骨关节间隙.
后方切除可变性, 注意调节屈曲间隙,避免屈曲过紧
宁小勿大:避免屈曲过紧,减少活动度
后参考:以股骨后髁为参照，后髁截骨厚度恒定，前方截骨厚度发生变化。
优点:屈曲间隙可等于伸直间隙.
no
缺点:前侧皮质容易多切.
假体太小è前方Notching
长沙美容
假体太大è髌股关节过紧
对线
股骨、胫骨截骨面均垂直于各自的机械轴,负荷才能均匀分布
健身教练培训学费屈曲间隙:
股骨尺寸可影响
2013福建高考英语股骨假体安放的前后位置可影响
前参考可避免假体安放过前,造成髌股并发症
后参考可避免后髁不多切,精确重建关节线
股骨对线
胫骨对线
7度的后倾:实现后滚,提供更多负荷承载量
星期四用英语怎么说
附一：
股骨前髁解剖的性别差异
杜克大学Differences Between the Sexes in theAnatomy of the Anterior Condyle of the Knee
By Thomas K. Fehring, MD, Susan M. Odum, MEd, CCRC, Josh Hughes,BS, Bryan D. Springer, MD,
and Walter B. Beaver Jr., MD
briefca>stoya heatInvestigation performed at the OrthoCarolina Hip and KneeCenter, Charlotte, North Carolina
ariBackground: Claimsthat there are dramatic differences in anterior condylar anatomy between thexes have led to the design of total knee implants with thinner anteriorcondyles specifically for u in women. We had obrved, in ourpatients, differences in anterior condylar anatomy that appeared to be highlyvariable and dependent on the size, height, and ethnicity of thepatient as well as his or her x. Becau of this obrved variability, we soughtto determine if differences in anterior cond
ylar anatomy between the xesactually exist.
Methods: Twohundred and twelve randomly lected magnetic resonance images (112 of men and100 of women) were evaluated. The anterior condylewas defined as the area of bone anterior to the anteriorfemoral cortex, 10 mm above the joint line.The medial and lateral heights of the anteriorcondyles were measured in millimeters directly from magnetic resonance imagingdata obtained in two planes. Theso-called aspect ratio was calculated to determine whether patient size had aneffect on the size of the anterior condyles.
Results: On thebasis of the numbers available, there was no significant difference (p = 0.16)between the xes with regard to lateral condylar height. Theaverage difference was only 0.5 mm. There was asignificant difference (p = 0.001) between men and women with regard to medialcondylar height. However, the average difference was only 1.1 mm. While the difference betweenthe xes with regard to anterior condylar height was nominal, themeasurements were highly variable regardless of x. Onthe basis of the nu
mbers available, there were no significant differencesbetween men and women with regard to the condylar aspect ratios. 结果：在现有病例的基础上，两性之间在外侧髁的高度上并没有显著差异（p =0.16）。平均差异仅为0.5mm。男性和女性的内侧髁高度有显著差异（p=0.001）。然而，平均差异仅为1.1mm。尽管两性之间前髁高度的差异只是名义上的，无论性别测量结果差异很大。根据现有的病例，男性与女性之间髁的纵横比没有显著差异。
