考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编35
(总分100,考试时间180分钟)
翻译题
达尔文的思想
——2008年英译汉及详解
不错的英文In his autobiography, Darwin himlf speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himlf clearly and concily, but【F1】he believes that this very difficulty may have had **pensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every ntence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own obrvations. He disclaimed the posssion of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.【F2】He asrted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeed
机器翻译与人工翻译ed with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one n was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.【F3】On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good obrver, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, becau the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without posssing some power of reasoning. He was willing to asrt that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common n or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."【F4】He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to **mon run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in obrving them carefully."dlounge
beefcakeWriting in the last year of his life, he expresd the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now fo
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r many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. "【F5】Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
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美国的知识分子
——2006年英译汉及详解
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he obrved that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?【F1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which ems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.【F2】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the cour of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average
scientist, for one.【F3】I have excluded him becau, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of tho problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not suppod to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.【F4】But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
法学考研学校The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.【F5】They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson wou
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ld say, is something el.
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萨皮尔一沃尔夫假说的形成
——2004年英译汉及详解
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.【F1】The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diver languages could be.
