10, to begin with,the legal system has structure. the structure of a legal system consists of this kind:the number and size of courts;their jurisdiction;and modes of appeal from one court to another.structure also means how the legislature is organized,what a president canlegallydo or not do,what procedures the police department follows,and so on. another aspect of the legal system is its substance. by this it meant the actual rules,norms,and behavior patterns of people inside the system.
首先,法律制度有结构.一个法律制度的结构由这类的数量和大小的法院；管辖；和诉求方式从一个法院another.structure也意味着如何立法组织,什么总统法律做或不做,什么程序,警察部门如下,等等.法律制度的另一个方面是它的实质.这意味着系统中的人的实际规则、规范和行为模式.
雅虎翻译在线11 , the law of contract is concerned with the enforcement of promissory obligations. contractuai liability is usually bad on connt freely given in the form of an express promi or one implied in fact form the acts of the parties. in some circumstances,however,the courts will imply a promioften called implied in law or quasi c
ontractin order to avoid unjust enrichment in spite of lack of connt by the party who is bound by.
景观设计培训>生殖器 英语
合同法与履行义务有关.contractuai责任通常是基于同意的情况下随意的形式给出一个表示承诺或一个事实默示形式当事人的行为.然而,在某些情况下,法院将意味着一个承诺通常被称为隐含在法律或准合同,以避免不公正的丰富,尽管缺乏同意由党谁被约束.
12 , 日语签名paragraph 1 of article 153 of the criminal law is amended as:"whoever smuggles goods or articles not specified in article 151 ,article 152 and article 347 herein shall,depending on the verity of the circumstances,be punished in accordance with the following provisions respectively:
1、if he smuggles goods and articles to evade or dodge the payable duties to a larger amount or commits smuggling again after being given administrative penalties twice against smuggling within one year,he shall be ntenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and be concurrently subject to a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the amount of payable duties evaded
or dodged.
群星艺术学院2、if the amount of payable duties evaded or dodged for smuggling goods and articles is huge or there are other rious circumstances, he shall be ntenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years,and shall be concurrently subject to a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the amount of payable duties evaded or dodged.
3、if the amount of payable duties evaded or dodged for smuggling goods and articles is especially huge or there are other especially rious circumstances, he shall be ntenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and shall be concurrently subject to a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the amount of payable duties evaded or dodged or confiscation of property.
freedoms刑法第abu153条1款修改为：走私本法第一百五十一条、第一百五十二条、第三百四十七条规定以外的货物、物品的,根据情节轻重,分别依照下列规定处罚:
1、他走私货物、物品逃避或回避应缴税额数额较大或构成走私再次被给予行政处罚后一年内两次打击走私,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金.
束手无策英语
2、如果需要支付的偷逃走私货物、物品巨大或者有其他严重情节的,,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金;
传神翻译3、如果应付偷逃走私货物、物品数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,应当处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产.
13、debtsone article is added after article 276 of the criminal law as article 267 :
文章276条后增加了一条,作为刑法第267条：
以转移财产、逃匿等方法逃避支付劳动者的劳动报酬或者有能力支付而不支付劳动者的劳动报酬,数额较大,经政府有关部门责令支付仍不支付的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金；造成严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金.
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚.
有前两款行为,尚未造成严重后果,在提起公诉前支付劳动者的劳动报酬,并依法承担相应赔偿责任的,可以减轻或者免除处罚.
14、私法
private law involves the various relationship that people have with one another and the rules that determine their legal rights and duties among themlves. the area is concerned with rules and principes pertaining to private ownership and u of property,contracts between individuals,family relationships,and redress by way of compensation for harm inflicted on one personby another. historically, government involvement was usually minimal. private law has also operated to provide general guidelines and curity in private arrangements and interactions in ways that are complementary to morality and custom but that are not necessarily enforceable in a court of law,such as non-contractual promis and agreements within an association of private individuals.
私法涉及到人与人之间的各种关系,以及确定自己的法律权利和义务的规则.该地区是有关规
则和有关私有财产和使用原则,合同之间的个人,家庭,和补偿的补偿方式伤害造成一人以另一个.从历史上看,政府的参与通常是微乎其微的.私人法律也为私人安排和相互作用提供了一般的指导和保障,这些方法与道德和习俗是相辅相成的,但在法庭上不一定能强制执行,比如私人私人的合同承诺和协议.
the relative significance of purely private law has decread in modern times. public law dominates in government-controlled societies; democratic societies increasingly have a mix of public and private law. the private sphere includes individuals and a vast array of groups,associations,organizations,and special legal entities such as corporations. they compete with one another and with government for control of resources,wealth,power,and the communication of ideas and values. special fields of law,such as labor law,facilitate and control this competition. much of such law is in the commercial and corporate areas. the formerly purely private law of property and contracts,for example,is now overlaid with legislation,regulationg,and judicial dicisions reflecting the competition. the public law of taxation has significant impact on the whole private sphere. courts have increasingly regarded resolution of emingly private dispute
s as vehicles for respon to changing social conditions and values especially in the u.s. thus,manufacturers have experienced an expansion of liability for physical injuries caud by defects in their products. the mechanism of insurance allows manufacturers to spread such costs across the general consuming public.
