An introduction to literature
Literature
一、What is literature?
⏹Literature comes from Latin "litterae", meaning "letter" in English.
⏹The word literature literally means "acquaintance with letters" and the term "letters" is sometimes ud to signify "literature," as in the figures of speech "arts and letters" and "man of letters."
⏹General meanings?
①published writings in a particular style on a particular subject (publications, books, brochures and so on)
②creative writing of recognized artistic value (artistic and literary writings)
③the profession or art of a writer (vocation)
④the humanistic study of a body of literature (subject)
⑤有道翻译在线musical product
⑥knowledge or learning
⑦reading (supplementary literature)
A Crazy Act
♦Literature is about writing in a particular country of a period, all over the world in general.
♦Literature is a writing which has claimed to consider underground of beauty of form, and emotional effect. (Aestheticism)
♦Literature is all the writings that have permanent value, excellent form and great emotional effect.
♦Literature is a writing having excellence of form or expression, and expressing ideas of permanence of universal interest. (festival怎么读critical mind)
♦A developing term.
Aestheticism
Aestheticism (or the Aesthetic Movement) was a 19th century European art movement that emphasized aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design.
upgrade什么意思Generally, it reprents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence reprented in France, and may be considered the British version of the same style.
It was part of the anti-19th century reaction and had post-Romantic origins, and as such anticipates modernism. It was a feature of the late 19th century from about 1868 to about 1900.
The artists and writers of Aesthetic style ud the slogan "Art for Art's Sake"(艺术是纯粹的)one more, tended to profess that the Arts should provide refined nsuous pleasure, rather than convey moral or ntimental messages. Instead, they believed that Art did not have any d
idactic purpo; it need only be beautiful.
The Aesthetes developed a cult of beauty, which they considered the basic factor of art. Life should copy Art, they asrted. They considered nature as crude and lacking in design when compared to art.
In Britain the best reprentatives were Oscar Wilde and Algernon Charles Swinburne, also including John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley, greatly influenced by the French Symbolists.
Oscar Wilde (1856-1900): 考研考点查询
a. an Irish playwright, an aesthete advocating “如何提升团队执行力art for art’s sakespare是什么意思”.
b. His language is conci, witty and sharp. He criticizes the hypocrisy and corruption of the upper class. His attacks are more like jokes.
c. Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest
A developing term.
What is literature?
1)The definition of 14th century:
It means polite learning through reading. A man of literature or a man of letters = a man of wide reading, “literacy”
函授成绩查询2)The definition of 18th century:
practice and profession of writing
3)The definition of 19th century:
the high skills of writing in the special context of high imagination
4)fruit是可数名词吗Robert Frost’s definition:英语程序
performance in words
5)Modern definition:
We can define literature as language artistically ud to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality intellectual and emotional appeal.
Different Ideas
♦Literature is imitation.
♦Literature is function.
♦Literature is an expression of emotions. (imagism意象派)
♦Literature is literature.（pay attention to its form）
Imagism
1)It is a Movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized by the u of concrete langu
age and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the u of preci visual images.
2)It grew out of the Symbolist Movement in 1912 and was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others.
3)The Imagist manifesto came out in 1912 showed three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the “thing”（no fuss, frill, or ornament）, exclusion of superfluous words（precision and economy of expression）, the rhythm of the musical phra rather than the quence of a metronome（free ver form and music）.
