中考英语语法总复习:九大句子成分(主谓宾定状补)
构成篇章的基本单位是句子,每个句子是由词或短语构成的,这些词或短语便是句子成分。不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。句子成分、基本句型、句子种类、句子结构时英语句法的基础。
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语(object complement)、主语补足语(subject complement)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)等。主语和谓语是句子的主题部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
一、主语
lay back名词、代词,数词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。
1)名词或名词短语作主语
例句:The instinct of a man is to pursue everything that flies from him,and to fly from all that pursue him.
人的本能是追逐从他身边飞走的所有东西,却逃离追逐的东西。
例句:The Lord prefers common-looking people.That is the reason he makes so many of them.
上帝喜欢长相平凡的人,所以他创造了这么多普通的人。
例句:A light wind woke among the trees.
微风从林间掠过。
2)代词作主语
例句:This is all I want.Nothing el.
这就是我想要的全部,没别的。
例句:Who teaches you folk music ?
谁教你们民间音乐?
例句:We do not remember days;we remember moments.
我们并不记得每一天;但我们记得某些时刻。
3)数词作主语
例句:Three is enough for each of us.
三个对于我们每个人来说足够了。
例句:Four and five makes nine.Have you worked it out,Jeff ?
四加五等于九。你算出来了吗,杰夫?
例句:Two-thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.
他们中三分之二的人会演奏一种以上的乐器。
4)名词化形容词和名词化分词作主语
例句:The beautiful is life.
美就是生活。
例句:The wounded should be nt to hospital at once.
受伤人员应立即送往医院。
例句:Sorrow makes us all children again,destroys all difference of intellect.The wist knows nothing.
悲伤使我们又变成了孩子,所有智力上的差别都被抹去了,即使最明智的人也变得一无所知。
5)动词不定式或不定式短语作主语
例句:Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.
岁月在皮肤上刻下皱纹,但没有了热情会在心灵上刻下皱纹。
例句:To give reason for fancy were to weigh the fire,and measure the wind.
给幻想找出原因好比称火的重量、量风的尺寸。
6)动词-ing形式作主语poems
例句:if什么意思Remembering is a dream that comes in waves.
回忆是层层涟漪中出现的梦。
例句:Saving is having.
节约即是创收。
例句:Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
7)从句作主语
作主语的从句称为主语从句,可由that,whether,wh-词等引导。
例句:That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caud lots of trouble.
他忘了告诉我开会的时间,给我带来了很多麻烦。
例句:What we can't get ems better than what we have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
traceroute有时介词短语、副词或其短语也可作主语。
例句:Between six and ven in the morning is the time I go jogging.
早晨六点至七点是我慢跑的时间。
例句:Nearby is a good place for camping.
附近是宿营的好地方。
二、谓语
谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词时限定动词,有人称、数的变化。谓语大体上可以分为两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。
1)简单谓语
凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成,不管是什么时态、语态、语气,都是简单谓语。
例句:I have tried this way three times and failed three times.
safeway
我用这种方法试了三次,失败了三次。
例句:Most of the beauty of women evaporates when they achieve domestic happiness at the price of their independence.
当一个女人以牺牲个人的独立为代价来求得家庭的幸福时,她们也就失去了大部分的美。
例句:The best thinking has been done in solitude.
最好的思想是在孤独中成就的。
2)复合谓语
复合谓语一般由两部分构成:一是带不定式的复合谓语(由情态动词或某些动词加不定式结构);一是带表语的复合谓语(由系动词或少数其他动词加表语构成)。
例句:I would like to invite all my friends to the get-together.
我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。
例句:Life does not have to be perfect to be wonderful.
精彩的人生未必完美。
例句:Marriage may be compared to a cage: the birds outside despair to get in,and tho within despair to get out.
婚姻如鸟笼:外面的鸟儿想进进不去,里面的鸟儿想出出不来。
三、表语
表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合宾语,用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。充当表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。
1)名词作表语
例句:Society is simple是什么意思a masked ball,where everyone hides his real character,and reveals it by hiding.
社会是个假面舞会,人人都掩饰着真实身份,而又正因为这种伪装暴露了真面目。
例句:The world is a book,and tho who do not travel read only one page.
世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了一页。
例句:Love is a sweet torment.
爱是一种甜蜜的折磨。
2)代词作表语
例句:You are many,but they are few.
你们人多,但他们人少。
专升本要什么条件例句:Seventy-four ? You don't look it.
七十四岁?真是看不出来。
天道留学例句:Who is that sweater ? It has been lying there for a whole day.
那是谁的毛衣?它已经放在那儿一整天了。
3)数词作表语
例句:She was the first to leave but the last to arrive.
她是第一个走的,却是最后一个到的。
例句:I'll be eighteen in May,which will be an important time in my life.
到五月份我就十八岁了,那将是我一生中重要的时刻。
4)形容词作表语
例句:Plea feel free to say what you really think.
请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。
例句:The sky looks much higher in autumn.
秋天天空看上去更高。
5)动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语
例句:It's surprising that you haven't met.
你们两个人没有见过面,这挺奇怪的。
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例句:I'm much worried about my mother's health.
我对母亲的健康状况感到担忧。
例句:Celebration is more than a happy feeling.Celebration is an experience.It is liking others,accepting others,laughing with others.
庆祝不仅是一种快乐的感觉,它也是一段经历,是喜欢别人,接受别人,同别人一起欢笑的经历。
6)动词不定式或短语作表语
例句:My wish is to become an artist.
我的愿望就是当一名艺术家。
例句:A great obstacle to happiness is to anticipating too great a happiness.
通往幸福的最大障碍就是对幸福苛求太多。
7)副词及其短语作表语
例句:Is anybody in?
2016四级答案
有人在吗?
例句:I'm now downstairs,waiting for you.
我正在楼下等你。
例句:Class was over at last after the long and dull lecture.