Mineralogical Study On Synthetic Jadeite
Wei Ran Zhang Beili Shen Caiqing
佛罗里达大学upgradeAbstract Four synthetic jadeite samples were studies by means of XRD,EPMA,Infrared spectrometer, Lar Raman spectrometer, and luminescence, etc. The samples mainly consist of crystal and glassiness. The region of crystalline is relatively small, and the crystal was automorphic jadeite with rod-shaped form. The composition of glassiness is almost same as jadeite, but the consist of Si and Al obviously on the high side of and the Na on the low side. The structure of synthetic jadeite is simpler than natural jadeite.
合成翡翠的矿物学研究
Wei Ran Zhang Beili Shen Caiqing
文摘通过XRD、电子探针、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪和冷光源等来研究四种合成翡翠。样品主要由晶体和玻璃质组成。结晶质的区域相对较小的，晶体是棒状形的自形的硬玉。玻璃质的组成几乎与翡翠一样，但由硅和铝明显偏高而钠明显偏低。合成翡翠的结构比天然翡翠的简单得多。
Key Words synthetic jadeite, pha,Lar Raman spectrum, cathode luminescence
重点词汇：合成翡翠词组：激光拉曼光谱仪，阴极冷光源
Samples &Methods
The tested four samples have the same appearance generally, which is about 3-5mm grain sizes and mainly compod of transparent and nontransparent zone. The color of each zone was different(Table 1), but the whole sample takes on green.
Some Methods, such as XAD, microscope infrared reflecting spectra and lar Raman spectra, had been ud to analyze the property of distinct phas of samples. Furthermore, the cathode luminescence and EPMA in uful on analyzing the composition and structure of samples.
样品和方法：
四个被测试的样品总体来说外观一样，都是关于3-5mm晶粒尺寸和主要由透明和非透明的区域构成。每个区域的颜色不同(表1)，但整个样品呈现出绿色。
一些方法，比如XAD，显微镜红外反射光谱和激光喇曼光谱，都被用作分析样本的不同的属性。此外，阴极发光源和电子探针在分析样品的成分和结构非常有用。
Results & Discussion
1.Pha Identification印痕
Magnifying the nontransparent zone of samples, it can be discovered that the crystals are almost long pillar-like and arrange in a definite direction. Such a feature indicates that the environment pressure at the time of crystal formation isn’t uniform and has directionality. The crystallinity of No.1 is relatively lower with smaller crystal grain, while No.2 and No.3 are higher crystallinity, and the orderly pillar crystal can clearly be identified, The transparent zone contains some dark inclusions, which also exist in cracks. There is an obvious belt of transition between the transparent zone and the nontransparent zone.
holloween结果与讨论
1。识别阶段
放大样品的非透明的区域，可以发现晶体几乎是长柱状，并且安排在一个明显的方向上。这种特性表明，当有环境压力的时候，晶体形成不均匀，有方向性。1号结晶质是结晶度相对较小，并伴有较细小的晶粒，而2号和3号结晶度较高，和有序的长柱状晶型可以显然地识别，透明区包含了一些暗黑的杂质，杂质也存在于裂隙中。透明区域和非透明的区域之间有一个明显的过渡带。
Obrving the crystalline region of samples under a polarizing microscope, the crystal exhibits a pillar-like form. Seen with crosd–polarizers, the order of interference color, between first-class yellow white and cond-class central ction, is on accordance with jadeite.
By analyzing the XRD results of crystalline of No.4, the main d values are basically consistent with jadeite, except a slightly higher intensity of the diffractive peaks, indicating that the crystalline in samples are jadeite. (Figure 1, Table 2)
偏光显微镜下观察样品的结晶区域，晶体展现长柱状形状。正交偏光镜下观察，干涉色在一级的黄白色和二等中间，与翡翠一致。
肤色暗沉的原因通过分析晶体的x射线衍射所得结果，4号晶体主要与翡翠基本上是一致的，，除了衍射峰的强度略高，都表明样品晶体是翡翠。(图1，表2)
保护环境的英语作文
The lar Raman spectrum of No.1 sample shows that the characteristic peak values of the crystalline substance accord with tho of natural jadeite. However, the fluorescence background is a little stronger and the strength of the characteristic peaks is weaker comparatively. (Figure2). In addition, the fluorescence disturbance of the glassiness part and the transition zone is so strong that no characteristic peaks are found.
1号样品的激光拉曼光谱特征峰显示其结晶质的价值符合天然的翡翠。然而，荧光背景下有点强，而特征峰的强度相对较弱。(图2)。此外，玻璃质的荧光干扰部分和过渡区是如此的强烈，以至于没有发现特征峰。
Jadeite displayed veral absorption peaks between 800-1200cm-1, which are attributable to symmetrical stretching vibration and reversal symmetrical stretching vibration of Si-O (bridge type) and Si-O°（not bridge type），two peaks at 667 cm-1 and 744 cm due to stretching vibration of O-Si-O, and the absorption peaks below 600 cm are caud by Si-O bent vibration and M-O stretching vibration (M reprent different positive ions ). As illustrated in figure 3, the infrared spectra of No.1 and No.3 at the crystalline region are basically consistent with that of natural jadeite, just absorbing peak values offt slightly. In addition, natural jadeite has a strong absorption peak at 530 cm, whereas the samples was divided at that position, and has a peak of 495 cm, which may be caud by some positive ions’ isomorphism.
翡翠显示的几个吸收峰之间在800 - 1200 cm - 1，这是由于对称伸缩振动和对称伸缩振动逆转的硅氧(链式)和硅氧°(非链式)。两个吸收峰在667 cm - 1,744cm，由于O-Si-O伸缩振动，吸收峰值低于600厘米是由硅氧引起的弯曲振动和M-O伸缩振动(M代表不同的正离子)。红外光谱如图3所示,1号和3号结晶区基本上是符合天然的翡翠，只是吸收高峰值略有偏移。此外，天然翡翠在530厘米有很强的吸收峰，
而样本划分495厘米的峰值的位置，这可能是由于一些正离子的同构。
The transparent region of the sample is full dull under a polarizer, i.e. optic isotrope. Its refractive index is 1.541, and the infrared reflecting spectra are basically same as glass.
In addition, the infrared reflecting spectra of the transition belt are similar to that of the crystalline region. Obrved under a microscope, the transition belt is glassiness mostly, and contains large quantity of dark inclusions. The inclusions are likely some unreacted raw material or tiny mineral crystals, which maybe the reason that the infrared spectra of both are similar.
在偏光镜下样品的透明区域暗沉，即光学各向同性。它的折射率为1.541，红外反射光谱基本上与玻璃相同。此外, 红外反射光谱下过渡地带与晶体区域相似。在显微镜下观察，过渡带大多是玻璃质，包含了大量的暗黑的杂质。这些杂质可能一些未反应的原料或微小的矿物晶体，这也许的红外光谱相似的原因。
2.Chemical constitution & construction measurement
Jadeite is a single chain silicate, belongs to the pyroxene mineral, monoclinic system. Its theoretical chemistry formula is NaAlSi2O6 , and the standard chemistry constitute are Na2O 15.4%;Al2O3 25.3%;SiO2 59.4%.Ca is usually replaces Na, and Al is often replaced by Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cr.
2。化学组成和结构测定
硬玉是单链硅酸盐，属于辉石矿物，单斜晶系。其理论化学公式NaAlSi2O6，标准的化学构成氧化钠15.4%;25.3%氧化铝，二氧化硅25.3%。钙通常取代钠，而铝常常被镁、铁、锰和铬取代。
The result of EPMA(Table 3) shows that the content of Al and Si at the crystalline region of No.1 is almost consistent with the standard values of jadeite mineral. But the content of Na and Ca are obvious lower and Mg is scarce. Moreover, the EPMA result indicates that there is a relatively higher content of K, Ti, Mn, Ni in the samples. Form the EPMA result of glassiness region, we can find that the content of Al and Si goes up obviously, and Na goes dawn at the same time, which content is only1/3 of standard value.
电子探针X-射线微量分析的结果(表3)表明,Al和Si的内容的结晶区域第一几乎是符合硬玉
伦琴英文矿物的价值标准。但钠的含量和钙明显的较低，镁稀缺。此外，电子探针结果表明，样品中有较高含量的钾、钛、锰、镍。由电子探针X-射线微量分析形式玻璃质区域的结果，我们可以发现Al和Si的含量上升明显，和Na仅仅是标准的三分之一。
谷歌英文版
考研时间安排表Obrving the feature of crystalline zone under cathode luminescence microscope, the colors of the
crystal grains are inconsistent, which mainly are red, yellow-green and green. Color is concentrated at the crystal edge. Surface and interspace. Moreover, luminescence strength is not quite the same at different position (Figure 4). The cathode luminescence phenomenon of jadeite has something to do with its trace elements, and Cr, Mn and Fe are the main elements to affect the luminescent color. Among them, Cr and Mn activate luminescence, whereas Fe restrained the luminescence. Luminescent color and strength is variant in the samples, which indicate that the trace element distributes inconsistent. The crystal grains in No.1 primarily are red, and the transition zone between the crystalline and glassy zone are red too, indicating its content of Cr is higher. The No.2 is primarily green and yellow-green, also distributes slight amount red. But the No.3 is almost green and yellow-green, indicating the content of Mn opposite higher, whereas content of Fe is higher at the low luminescence strength position.
阴极发光显微镜下观察晶体的特征区域，晶体颗粒的颜色不一致，主要是红色的，黄绿色和绿色。颜色集中在晶体的边缘，表面和裂隙中。此外，在不同的位置发光强度是不完全一样的(图4)。翡翠的阴极发光现象，由于微量元素，铬，锰和铁主要元素，致使发光颜色受到了影响。其中，铬和锰激活发光，而铁抑制了发光。在样品中的发光颜色和强度变异，这表明，微量元素分布不一致。在1号主要是红色的晶体颗粒，结晶质和玻璃质之间的过渡区是红色的，表示Cr的含量较高。2号中主要是绿色，
黄绿色，也有轻微的红色。但是3号几乎是绿色，黄绿色，表明锰的含量相对较高，在发光强度较低的位置铁的含量较高。
Under definited temperature and pressure condition, natural jadeite is formed by metamorphic crystallization and come through various deuteric reconstructions. As a result, jadeite usually has blastic texture, metasomatic texture and cataclastic texture, yet tested samples, obrved under cathode luminescence microscope, don’t have the characteristics if natural jadeite. Its crystal grain is quite thick, clear and neat, alone with highly automorphic degree. The growth wreath that natural jadeite mineral often has is not obvious.
在一定的温度和压力条件下，天然翡翠是由变质结晶作用，和通过岩浆后期的各种重建形成。因此，翡翠通常是重结晶结构，交代结构和碎裂结构，然而，测试样本，阴极发光显微镜下观察，如果天然是翡翠，并没有这些特征。其晶粒非常厚，清晰整洁，单独的自形程度高。天然翡翠矿物的生长环带往往不明显
Conclusion
By studying on the synthetic samples, the main conclusions are drawn as follows:
通过研究这些合成样品，主要结论如下:
1.The tested samples mainly consist of crystalline and glassiness. The part of crystalline is
jadeite, which the size of crystal grain is quite thick and arranges in a definite direction.
2 The chemical composition of crystalline and glassiness is uniform basically, clod to the composition of jadeite, but the content of Na and Ca id relative lower.
3 The infrared reflection spectrum of the ctystalline region is basically in accordance with that of natural jadeite except slight offtting of peak values.
4 The fluorescence background of lar Raman spectrum at crystalline region is slightly string.
recommend什么意思Which affect the strength of the characteristic peaks. In addition, the fluorescence disturbance of the glassiness region and the transitions belt is so strong that no characteristic Raman peaks are found.
5The structure of the synthetic jadeite is simpler than natural jadeite. Under a cathode luminescence microscope, the color of fluorescence is not uniform, which is mainly red color, yellow-green and green, and the color comparatively concentrate within a specific scope.
1。测试样品主要由结晶质和玻璃质构成。翡翠的晶体，其晶体颗粒的，安排在一个明确的方向。
2。晶体和玻璃质的化学成分是基本上均匀，接近翡翠的成分，但Na和Ca 的含量相对较低。
3。在红外反射光谱上晶体区域基本上与天然的翡翠一致，除了高峰值被轻微地降低。
4。激光拉曼光谱的荧光下，晶体区域有稍微的成形，而影响特征峰的强度。此外，玻璃质区域和过度带的荧光干扰是如此的强烈，以至于没有发现拉曼特征峰。
5。合成翡翠的结构比天然翡翠简单。在阴极发光显微镜下，荧光的颜色不统一，主要是红色，黄绿色和绿色，而且颜色相对集中在一个特定的范围。
New words
XRD =X-ray Diffraction X射线衍射EPMA =electron probe micro analysis电子探针分析
automorphic adj.[矿]自形的pyroxene n.[矿]辉石
metamorphic adj 变质的metasomatic adj. [地]交代的
