名词的复数形式
构成方法 | 读音 | 例词 |
在词尾加-s | 1.在清辅音后读作 [s ] 2. 在浊辅音后读作 [ z ] | 1. desk—desks [ s ] 2. map—maps [ s ] 3. field –filelds[ dz] dog—dogs [ z ] a—as [ z ] |
1. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es 2. 如词尾是e,只加-s | -(e)s读作[ iz ] | 1. classclass [ iz ] box — boxes [ iz ] dish—dishes[ iz ] watch—watches[ iz ] 2. hor—hors[ iz ] |
如词尾为 –f或 –fe ,则一般变为 –ves | -ves 读作[ vz ] | 1. leaf—leaves[ vz ] 2. knife—knives[ vz ] |
以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为 i再加-es | -ies读作[ iz ] | family—families[ iz ] |
以元音+y结尾的名词,加-s | sleeping beauty-s读作[ z ] | boy—boys[ z ] |
以辅音+o结尾的名词,加-es | -es读作[ z ] | hero—heroes[ z ] potato—potatoes[ z ] tomato—tomatoes[ z ] |
以元音+o结尾的名词,加-s | -s读作[ z ] | radio—radios[ z ] zoo—zoos[ z ] |
以-th结尾的名词,加-s | 1. 在长元音后,-ths读作[ z ] 2. 在短元音或辅音后,-ths读作[ s ] | 1. bath—baths[ z ] 2. month—months[ s ] |
| | | 橡实
英语里有一些名词的复数形式不是以词尾-s或-es构成,
构成方法
| 例词 |
变内部元音 | foot[ u ]—feet[i: ] man[ ]—men[ e ] mou[ au ]—mice[ ai ] woman[ ]—women[ e ] |
词尾加-en | ox—oxen(公牛) child[ ai ]—children[ i ] |
形式不变(通形名词----单、复数同形) | 30的英文deer—deer fish—fish sheep—sheep |
集合名词 (只有复数,没有单数。) | trours people (人,人民) glass (眼镜) |
名词做定语 1. 只在后面名词加复数 2. man, woman随之后面的名词 而变化,后单其单,后复其复。 3. sport作定语永远用作复数。 | 1. apple tree—apple trees 2. man doctor—men doctors 3. sports shop sports shoes |
表示国籍的名词 (中日不变,英法变,其余词后加s) | Chine—Chine新东方口语培训 Japane—Japane Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen American—Americans |
| |
其它名词复数的规则变化 dettol
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如: two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mou---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形 如:
英语字典下载deer,sheep,fish,Chine,Japane
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如 people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chine,the Japane,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chine are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glass (眼镜) trours, clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glass; two pairs of trours
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
动词变名词
1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:
A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,
thrill _ thriller
B. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer
dance _ dancer
C. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travaller
D. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor
2. 在词尾加ing:
build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,
swim _ swimming, skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,
mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing, surf _ surfing, paint _ painting
3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:
A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,
celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decoration
graduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollution
contribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,西南科技大学网络教育学院
educate _ education,organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,
appreciate _ appreciation,operate _ operation, invite _ invitation
B. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attraction
impress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction
4.其它:
know _ knowledge, plea _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,独特的英文
practi _ practice, die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,
sit _ seat, change _ chance,enter _ entrance, fly _ flight,
rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery,fail _ failure,a ppear _ appearance,
breathe _ breath
动词第三人称单数变化规则
1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加 -s. 例如: works gets says reads
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2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es。
例如:
go-goes teach-,teaches wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes
3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如:
study- studies try-tries carry-carries ,fly-flies cry-cries
现在分词变化规则
怪兽婆婆 1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)