摘要
初中阶段是道德发展的关键时期，这个阶段的青少年具有了高级的道德推理能力，又还没有发展出非常成熟的行为调控能力。《华盛顿邮报》2008年的调查显示，64%的学生报告在过去一年里考试作弊一次，38%的学生作弊两次或更多。McAfee2012年的发布的青少年上网行为研究显示，有近一半的青少年报告曾经使用网络在考试中作弊。
青少年不诚实行为的真正动机是什么？保持诚实的青少年仅仅是因为害怕被惩罚么？如果在没有惩罚的情况下，是否人人都会因为利益做出不诚实的行为呢？什么样的情境会使青少年更倾向于做出不诚实的行为呢？传统的研究中，研究者较多地采用自我报告的形式来统计此类行为，或者利用道德判断等相关变量来预测道德行为，而没有在真实的情境下研究青少年真正的行为反应。
本研究采用数字矩阵范式的变式，在现场实验的情境下，用匿名的方式控制行为风险，测量被试在低风险下的不诚实行为，探究不诚实行为的动机和影响因素。研究一设置了收益获得情境和损失厌恶情境，探究青少年对物质奖励的收益获得动机和损失避免动机对不诚实行为的激发作用，以及自我概念维持动机对不诚实行为的约束作用。研究二设置了非道德推脱情境和道德推脱情境，探究道德推脱对不诚实行为的影响。研究三采用道德推脱量表、成就动机量表和自尊水平量表考察了个体的道德推脱水平、成就动机水平和自尊水平，探究这三个个体变量对不诚实行为的影响。研究结果显示：
1.在有收益且低风险情境下，约有一半的被试会做出不诚实行为。
2.大部分做出不诚实行为的个体会因为自我概念维持的动机将不诚实行
武汉电脑培训学校为保持在一定程度之内。
j开头的女英文名3.损失厌恶动机比收益获得动机能引发更大程度的不诚实行为。
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4.道德推脱情境下被试会做出更大程度的不诚实行为。
5.道德推脱水平较高的被试更倾向于做出不诚实行为。
6.成就动机水平较高的被试更倾向于做出不诚实行为。
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7.自尊水平较低的被试更倾向于做出不诚实行为。
字母关键词：不诚实行为；损失厌恶；道德推脱；成就动机；自尊
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Abstract
Junior-high is a critical period for moral development of adolescents. In this stage, teenagers have developed high level moral reasoning ability, while not yet developed the ability to maturely regulate their behaviors. A survey in 2008, held by Washington Post, showed that 64 percent of students cheated in exams in last one year, 38 percent cheated twice or more. A rearch about adolescents’online behaviors published by McAfee in 2012 showed nearly half of young people cheated in exams through internet.
What is the real motivation behind teenager s’ dishonest behaviors? Is punishment the only reason preventing honest student from cheating? Does everyone will behave dishonestly for material incentives under situations without punishment? What kind of situation will make young people more inclined to be dishonest? In traditional rearches, rearchers either prefer lf-report method to summarize such behaviors, or employing moral judgments and other relevant variables to predict ethical behavior. Both of the methods failed to study adolescents in real situations.
This study ud a digital matrix paradigm variant to measure the dishonest behavior in the context of field experiments and to explore the motivation and factors influencing dishonesty. And the behavior
al risk was controlled by using anonymous situation.For exploring trigger function of income gain motivation and loss aversion motivation and binding function of lf-concept maintenance motivation that upon adolescents facing material incentives, study 1 t both income gain and loss aversion situations parately. For exploring influence of individual moral dingagement level, achievement motivation level and lf-esteem level on dishonesty, study 3 employ 3 related scales to measure the 3 individual variants. Study results show:
1.About half of subjects will behave dishonestly under income gain and
low-risk situation.
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2.Given the opportunity to be dishonest, most subjects are dishonest up to a
certain level that does not force them to update their lf-concept.
3.Loss aversion motivation could trigger verer dishonest behaviors than the
benefit gain motivation.
4.Subjects in moral dingagement situation show verer dishonest behaviors.
5.Subjects who have higher level of moral dingagement are more likely to
conduct dishonest behaviors.
6.Subjects who have higher level of achievement motivation are more likely to
成长教育培训机构
make dishonest behaviors.
7.Subjects who have lower level of lf-esteem are more likely to make a
dishonest behavior.
Keywords :Dishonesty ; Loss Aversion ; Moral Dingagement ;
Achievement Motivation ; Self-esteem
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目录
1.研究背景和意义 (1)
2.文献综述 (3)
2.1.不道德行为的决策理论 (3)
2.1.1.收益-风险权衡的经济人假设 (3)
击鼓声2.1.2.自我概念维持动机理论 (3)
2.1.3.损失厌恶动机理论 (5)
2.2.不道德行为的调节因素 (5)
2.2.1.道德自我调节 (6)
2.2.2.道德推脱 (7)
2.2.2.1.道德推脱的概念和机制 (7)
2.2.2.2.道德推脱的测量 (11)
提升
2.2.2.3.道德推脱和不道德行为 (12)
2.2.3.成就动机 (13)
2.2.4.自尊 (13)红孩连连看
2.3.不诚实行为的实证研究 (14)
2.3.1.低风险下的情境测试 (14)
2.3.2.采用低风险情境测试的相关研究结论 (15)
2.4.问题提出与研究假设 (16)
3.收益获得vs 损失厌恶情境下初中生的不诚实行为研究 (19)
3.1.研究目的 (19)
3.2.研究假设 (19)
pep小学三年级英语下册3.3.研究对象 (19)
3.4.不诚实行为的研究范式 (19)
3.5.实验材料 (22)
3.6.实验控制 (23)
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