column是什么意思管理学原理名词解释（Principles of management）
1. Management: it is the coordinated activities of managers to achieve organizational goals effectively, organize resources and organize activities, organize and continuously carry out activities.
2. External environment: national cultural tradition, social political system, economic system and science and technology become the external environment affecting the management activities.
3. Management function: it is the responsibility of management. Management functions have general functions and specific functions.
4. Decisions: refers to the people in order to achieve the goal of a particular system, in posssion of information, on the basis of experience, according to the objective conditions, a variety of alternative action is put forward, with the help of a scientific theory and method, the necessary calculation, analysis, and judgment, choo the one of the most satisfactory solution, to guide for current and future actions.
5. Coordination: harmony means that all the work of an enterpri can be properly coordinated so that the business can be carried out smoothly and successfully.
6. Organizational efficiency: the effectiveness of organizational activities to achieve organizational goals. ;
胶版7. Hawthorne test: divided into four phas: 1) factory
lighting test; 2) relay asmbly test; 3) talk rearch; 4) obrvation test. :
8. Behavioral science: broadly defined behavioral science refers to the scientific study of the kilometers of people in natural and cold environments, including the u of natural science experiments and obrvations. Behavioral science in the narrow n refers to a comprehensive subject about the behavior of individuals and groups in the work environment.
9. Organizational behavior: mainly including leadership theory and organizational change, organizational development theory.
10. The enterpri reengineering: BPR implementation method bad on the advanced information system and information technology as the means, long-term customer needs as the goal, by minimizing the quality of the products and production scale of qualitative change.
11. Management theory jungle: theories and school of thought in the historical source deep influence
each other in contents and connect with each other, formed the thicket, race to race glory, known as the "management theory jungle".
12. Ca teaching: the so-called experience of the empirical school is esntially a method of teaching management knowledge, which is called "ca teaching".
Corporate culture: the culture and material culture that the enterpri has created in the long-term production and management activities.
14. Strategic management: according to the analysis of enterpri operation conditions and external environment, determine the enterpri general management principle and target, and t up one or veral effective strategy, make the enterpri management tenet and goal has taken a ries of management decisions and actions.
15. Planning work: a broad plan of work is the process of making plans, implementing plans, and checking plans in three phas. Plan work in its narrow n, refers to the plan, which according to the organization of the actual situation of internal and external balance the needs of the objective and subjective, through scientific prediction, puts forward a certain period of time in the future organization needs to achieve specific goals and the methods to achieve the goal.
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16. Objectives: the specific results that the organization will achieve in a certain period of time. It is propod for the purpo or purpo of the organization.
Strategy: take the basic long-term goals of the organization and allocate the necessary resources to achieve organizational goals.
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18. Policy: guidelines and general rules for guiding and communicating ideological activities in decision-making or dealing with issues.
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19. Procedure: specifies how to deal with the methods and steps of tho recurring problems.
20. Rules: a provision that allows or is not allowed to take
六级图表作文a particular action in specific situations and circumstances.
21. Planning: a comprehensive plan is a complex of goals, policies, procedures, rules, task assignments, implementation steps, resources and other elements.
22. Budget: as a plan, it is a report that reprents the expected results in Numbers.
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23. Special plan: also called thematic plan, is the plan to complete a specific task.
24.
The objective of the enterpri is to analyze the development direction and goal of the economic activities of enterpris bad on the analysis of the external environment and internal conditions of the enterpri, which is the embodiment of the enterpri's business thinking. &
25. Enterpri management thought: it is the idea of guiding ideology of business operation.
26. Objective management: it is a comprehensive management system that combines many key management activities with systematic approaches to achieve personal and corporate goals efficiently.
27. The target decomposition: is the overall goal of the
enterpri into each department goals, personal goals, make the enterpri all employees willing to receive love enterpri, and at the completion of this goal in the bear their own responsibilities.
答案的英文28. Prediction: an advance estimate of something that has not yet occurred and is not yet clear, and speculates the future trend of things, thus assisting managers in the situation and lecting countermeasures.
29. Macroeconomic forecasting: is the social total supply and demand, economic growth rate, price index, good employment and so on on the status of the development of the national economy overall analysis and inference, it is mainly for the government to make economic and social development planning, economic planning and economic policy, etc.
Microeconomic forecast: mainly refers to the various economic forecasts made from the perspective of business management.
31. Market forecast: it is the premi and foundation for the enterpri to develop new product development plan, production plan, production preparation plan and financial revenue and expenditure plan.
32. Qualitative prediction: refers to the experience of relying on human knowledge to make qualitative descriptions of trends in the development of things.everytime歌词
affect33. Quantitative prediction: the u of mathematical models to quantify the future trend of things bad on data obtained from
