2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语试题及答案
Part I Listening Comprehension(略)
Part II Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage1
Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone,but that one's muscles also participate.It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.
You surely are not surprid to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body.Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically,some part of their body.Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radi
o,he is tempted in direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.
Strange as this behavior may be,there is a very good reason for it.One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates,so to speak,in its performance.The listener"feels"himlf into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.
dangleThe muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way,but this participation is less obvious becau it is less pronounced.
21.Some psychologists maintain that thinking is______.
< a mental process
< of a physical process than a mental action
C.a process that involves your entire body
D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain
22.Few people are able to listen to familiar music without______.
B.stopping what they are doing to listen
C.directing the orchestra playing it
D.wishing that they could conduct music properly
23.Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to______.
A.hear the music
B.appreciate the music
24.According to the lection,muscle participation in the process of thinking is______.
A.deliberate
B.obvious
< readily apparent
D.very pronounced
25.The best title for this lection is______.
A.An Ear for Music
B.Music Appreciation
C.How Muscles Participate in Mental Acts
D.A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process
Passage2
Laziness is a sin----everybody knows that.We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral,that it is wasteful,and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life.But laziness can be more harmful than that,and it is often caud by more harmful than that,and it is ofte
n caud by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work.Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more rious problems.They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen.The people who em lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work.Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work;some people are so busy planning,sometimes panning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever"lesr"work is on hand.Still other people are not avoiding work;strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful.Like procrastinators,some people may look lazy when they are really thinking,planning,contemplating,rearching.We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was"goofing off".Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devid the theory of gravity.All of us would like to have someone"lazy"to build the car to stove we buy,particularly if that"laziness"were cau by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right.And sometimes,being"lazy"-----that is,taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive.Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor w
ho's simply working himlf overtime too many evenings at the clinic.So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy.That person may be thinking,resting,or planning his or her next book.
26.The main idea of this passage is that______.
A.laziness is a moral sin
B.there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazydps什么意思
C.laziness is the sign of deep-ated emotional problems
D.lazy people do more careful work
water pollution27.The passage states that______.
A.laziness is a dia
B.some people appear lazy becau they are incure
C.laziness is more beneficial than harmful
D.a good definition of laziness is emotional illness
28.Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?______
A.The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.
B.Most of the time laziness is a virtue.
C.Most asmbly line workers are lazy.
unique loveD.Most incure people are lazy.
29.The final paragraph is______.
a.gloomy B.humorous C.rious D.ironical
30."Goofing off"as ud in paragraph2probably means______.
A.wasting time
B.sleeping
C.working
D.chatting with friends
Passage3
The idea of humanoid robots is not new.They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek,a Czech writer,first dreamed them up for his1921play"Rossum's Universal Robots".(The word
"robot"comes from the Czeeh word for drudgery,robota.)Since then,Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme,from the sultry Fal Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece"metropolis"to the withering C-3PO in"Star Wars"and the ruthless assassin of"Terminator".Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious,coloring our views of the future.
But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality.Their new humanoids reprent impressive feats of engineering:when Honda introduced Asimo,a four-foot robot that had been in development for some15years,it walked so fluidly that its white,articulated exterior emed to conceal a human.Honda continues to make the machine faster,friendlier and more agile.Last October,when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh,it walke
培训瑜伽教练d on the stage and accepted its own plaque.
At two and a half feet tall,Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo.It walks,understands a small number of voice commands,and can navigate on its own.It is falls over,it gets up and resumes where it left off.It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can e.In2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run.Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.
In2004,Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots,called Partner,one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet.Its fingers work the instrument’s valves,and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips.Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by2010.This month,50Partner robots will act as guides at Expo2005in Aichi,Japan.
Despite their sudden proliferation,however,humanoids are still a mechanical minority.Most of the world's robots are faceless,footless and mute.They are bolted to the floors of factories,stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal,making more machines.According to the United Nations,business orders for industrial robots jumped18%in the first half of2004.They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots,such as lf-navigating vacuum cleaners,lawn mowers,and window-washers,which are lling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.
31.In paragraph1the author introduces this topic by relating______.
A.the idea of humanoid robots
B.Karl Capek's creation of robots
C.Hollywood's production of robot films
D.the origin of and popular movies about robots
32.According to the author's description,Asimo______.
A.is a four-legged robot
D.is in a sort of animal form
33.Sony’s QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT______.
A.walking everywhere freely
B.understanding some words uttered by people
C.finding its way
34.From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner______.
A.is much better than any other robots
B.is no more than a mechanic device
C.may be put into mass production
D.may speak like man
35.Judging from the context,this passage is probably written______.
A.in2004
B.in2005
C.between2003~2004
D.between2004~2005
Passage4
Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life.The great ocean basins hold bout300million cubic miles of water.From this vast amount,bout80,000cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere
each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean.More than24,000cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents.This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams,springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent.Thus,the hydrosphere permits organic existence.
The hydrosphere has strange characteristics becau water has properties unlike tho of any other liquid.One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about9percent,whereas most liquids contract on cooling.For this reason,ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom.If the ic
e sank,the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly,except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer ason.Thus,all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents,which moderates climate,would be notably abnt.
Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia.This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and sore vast quantities of heat,thereby often preventing climate extremes.In addition,water dissolves more substances than any other liquid.It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehou for minerals which have been washed down from the continents.In veral areas of the world the minerals are being commercially exploited.Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced,potash is extracted from the Dead Sea,and Magnesium is produced from awater along the American Gulf Coast.
36.A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water______.
B.is a great solvent
C.is like ammonia
D.has a very high heat capacity
37.From this passage,we may conclude that______.
C.it is difficult to get fresh water from the ocean
< of the above is correct
38.By“hydrosphere”the author means______.
A.the moisture in the air
B.the part of the earth covered by water
C.the Milky Way
D.the frozen waters of the earth
39.Fish can survive in the oceans becau______.
A.there are currents in the ocean
B.ice floats
C.evaporation and condensation create a water cycle
D.water absorbs heat
40.“Anomaly”,as ud in the cond paragraph,means______.
A.state of being anonymous
B.abnormality
C.characteristic
D.property
Part III Vocabulary(10points)
Directions:In this part,there are20ntences with four choices below each ntence.Choo the best one from the4choices.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
41.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells explored with zest the future
itepossibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.
A.inspiration
paramount
C.fantasy
42.Except for coar earthen-wares,which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth,pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.
B.unique
43.When the fire broke out in the building,the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.
A.poured
B.dismayed C panicked D.trembled
44.The English language contains a(n)______of words which are comparatively ldom ud in ordinary conversation.
A.altitude
B.latitude
C.multitude
D.attitude
美国历任总统45.The wealth of a country should be measured______the health and happiness of people as well as the material goods it can produce.
A.in line with
B.in terms of
C.in regard with
D.by means of
46.Radar is ud to extend the______of man's ns for obrving his environment,especially the n of vision.
A.validity
B.liability
C.capacity
D.intensity
47.We are writing to the manager______the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A.with the exception of
B.with the purpo of
C.with reference to
D.with a view to
48.They made detailed investigations to______themlves with the needs of the rural market
A.adhere
B.acknowledge
C.acquaint
D.activate
49.Probably there's a good reason for her abnce,as she doesn't usually stay away from work.
A.Conspicuously
B.Prospectively
C.incidentally
D.Presumably
50.I was______in my reading,and didn't at first hear the doorbell ring.
A.immured
B.immerd
C.busy
D.infatuated
51.Ten minutes later,the police came and______the crowd.
A.dismayed
B.disperd
C.dismounted
D.distresd
52.There are______differences between theory and practice.
A.legible
B.laden
C.radical
53.Will you______my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?
A.look after
B.look through
C.look up
D.look into
54.When he lived in that remote place,radio was the only means he had to keep______of current events in the country.
A.account
55.The flashing red light rved as a______of danger ahead.
A.predictor
B.caution
C.precaution
D.prevention
56.According to the weather forecast,which is usually______,it will snow this afternoon.
A.accurate
B.dull
C.awkward
57.If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage,his uncle might______it for him.
B.amend
D.appeal
58.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.
C.variety
59.She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.
A.play
merits
B.deceive
D.annoy
60.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.
绝望主妇大结局
A.honestly
B.appropriately
C.intelligibly
D.flexibly
Part IV Cloze(10points)
