dcps国家开放大学电大本科《环境水利学》期末试题及
答案(试卷号:1167)
2021-2022国家开放大学电大本科《环境水利学》期末试题及答案(试卷号:1167)盗传必究一、单项选择题(每小题3分,共30分。在所列备选项中.选1项正确的或最好的作为答案,将选项号填入各题的括号中。不选、错选或多选者,该题无分)1.资源水利的核心是( )。
A.水利工程设施的建设B.水资源的优化配置C.注重经济效益,轻视社会效益D.工程的技术可行性2.( )是导致湿地的形成、发展、演替、消亡与再生的关键。
A.水B.植物C.动物D.人类3.曝气作用能够使水体中( )。
A.污染物迁移速度加快B.污染物沉淀速度加快C.底泥的污染物释放D.溶解氧含量提高4.水环境容量是指在满足水环境质量标准的要求下,水体容纳污染物的最大负荷量。影响水环境容量的因素中,____和——是内在因素,——是外在因素。( ) A.自然环境和社会环境、污染物的种类B.社会环境和污染物的特性、自然环境C.自然环境和污染物的特性、社会环境D.污染物的种类和社会环境、自然环境5.不是水利建设对环境的正效应。( ) A.提高抵御自然灾害的能力B.减轻能源污染C.提供或改善航运环境D.蓄水淹没影响6.水环境一般可以分为静态水环境和动态水环境一属于静态水环境。(.) A.
水库、湖泊B.河流C.渠道中的水流D.奔腾的大海7.废水处理的方法中,____不属于物理法。( ) A.沉淀法B.过滤法C.反渗透法D.氧化还原法8.常用化学修复技术主要包括酸碱中和法、絮凝沉淀法、吸附过滤法和____。( ) A.机械除藻B.化学除杀藻法C.人工曝气D.底泥疏浚9.水利水电工程影响评价工作包括两大部分:一是编制评价工作大纲,二是( )。
A.开展调查B.编制C.编制进度D.开展环境影响评价10.运行期环境管理的特点有系统性、____、多样性及监测与分析相结合。( ) A.连续性B.区域性C.管理手段多样性D.时序性二、判断题(每小题3分,共15分,在题后的括号内,正确的画“√”.错误的画“X”)11.溶解氧是反映天然水中氧的浓度指标,其值越低表明水质越好。( × ) 12.化学耗氧量(COD)是指1L水中还原物质(包括有机物和无机物)在一定条件下被氧化时所消耗的溶解氧的毫克数。COD 的测定,一般采用高锰酸钾法或重铬酸钾法。( √ ) 13.从水体稀释、自净的物理实质看,水环境容量由两部分组成,即差值容量和同化容量。前者是各种自净作用的综合去污容量,而后者出于水体的稀释作用。( × ) 14.蓄水工程对自然环境、社会环境的影响都是负面的。( × ) 15.就污染物质在水中运动的形式,可以分为两大类:一类是随流输移运动,一类是扩散运动。( √ )三、简答题(每小题10分,共40分)16.在环境水利中,水和水体有何不同?答:在环境领域中,水和水体是相互有联系的两个不同概念。水就是指纯粹意义上的Hz0,不含任何杂质。(5分)水体则是一个完整的生态系统或自然综合体,除了贮水体中的水外,它还包括水中的悬浮物、溶质、水生生物和底泥。(5分)17.为什么说底质可以反映污染历史过程?答:底质不
仅反映了流域气候、地质和土壤特征,而且由于它们自身在水中运移和沉淀过程中,必然会吸附、挟带各种污染物,因而可以从沉积物的污染状况这一侧面,判断、衡量水体的污染程度,并由此追溯水体污染的历史过程。河道主槽沉积物会有季节性的变动迁移,但滩地沉积物年复一年的累积基本保持相对的稳定性。湖库沉积也有此特点。
18.什么叫冷害?答:大型水库水深很大,造成自上而下的水温分层,夏季上层水温高、下层水温低,冬季则相反。夏季深孔泄水时水温很低,如灌溉则影响农作物生长,下泄冷水对鱼类生长也不利,形成所谓“冷害”。
知名留学机构
accommodated19.水利水电工程环境影响评价的目的与任务。
答:水利水电工程环境影响评价的目的是要保证拟建工程贯彻执
行“保护环境”的基本国策,认真执行“以防为主,防治结合,綜合利用”的环境管理方针。通过评价预测拟建水利水电工程建成后对当地自然环境和社会环境造成的各种影响,提出环境对策,以保证拟建工程影响区城良好的生态环境和社会环境;同时评价结果也为领导部门决策(拟建工程的可行性、方案论证等)提供重要的科学依据。(5分) 水利水电工程的环境影响评价的任务就是要查清工程所在流城的环境质量现状,针对工程特征和污染特征,对工程在自然、社会.生态环境方面可能产生的影响进行分析,预测各种影响的范围、程度,预测可能发展的结果,对不利影响要提出相应的工程防止措施与环
境对策;根据评价结果回答工程项目的可行性、合理性与方案选择。(5分) 四、计算题(共15分)20.若某水库枯水期库容3X108m3 ,枯水期50天,该湖水质标准BODs浓度为3mg/L,BOD5起始浓度为15mg/L,枯水期从湖中排出流量为2X106(m3/d) ,污染物质自然衰减系数为0.1(1/d)。试求水库BOD 的环境容量。
试卷代号:1162
中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2) 试题
2021年1月
第一部分交际用语(共计10分,每小题2分)
买椟还珠翻译1-5小题:阅读下面的小对话,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
服装效果图1.Can you help me clear up the me?-------------------- A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at allC.Yes, that\\"ll be all right D.No problem 3.Is it going to be warm next week?------------------- A.Yes, it is B.I don\\"t believe it C.No, it hasn\\"t D.It changes all the time 5.15小题:阅读下面的句子,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
6.Unfortunately the poor girl can\\"t do anything but ------- .all her belongings at alow ll B.llingC.ll D.sold
7.They were
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12.We are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.
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D.rearranging 13.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _--------- last night. A.must rajn B.
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he was listening to the music.A.while B.before C.after D.as soon as 第三部分完形填空(每题2分,共20分)
16carrots can be made to taste of chocolate andapples can be made 18 .Some food that appears the same has been 19 improved, forexample, fish can be made to grow faster.Should we \\"be plead or worried? Will newtechnology bring benefits, or is it about to g0 20 control? Genetically engineered foods are produced by taking genetic material from one speciesand transferring it 21 another.For example, an 6antifreeze\\" gene which appearsnaturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries 22 they don\\"t freezein cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them 23 morequickly. Some claim great advantages.They point out that crops can be made stronger and moredia resistant, _ 24 _ pesticides can be reduced.They also maintain that food can bemade more nutritious
or that the fat content can 25 to make it healthier.16.A.are B.were
2012世界大学排名C.is
D.be 17.A.such that B.such as C.so that D.so as red B.much der 19.A.scientifically B.science C.scientific
D.scientifical 20.A.under B.into C.out D.out of 21.A. C.out D.into
22.A.such that B.in order to C.so that D.so as to growtoho
urs away from downtown A.very big x C.in a new housing estate D.easy to find in the map 30.In the ntence "Barbara and l hope that you can ", the phra "make it" is ud to say that Bob can A.manage to attend their party B.find their new hou in two hours C.do the trip from Bedford to Flinders D.put up with a mattre on the floor 短文理解2 Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disappear physically.The paper notes and gold coins may soon become curious collections of the pre-electronic age.Digital money can replace every u of cash money.It is true that electronic money has been around for decades.Each week billions of institutional dollars