开放市齐备阳光实验学校Unit 8 Adventure 2
句子·剖析·拓展
You are thinking about how far there is to go.
你正在想还要走多远。
【剖析】这是一个带有宾语从句的复合句。how far there is to go作介词about的宾语。how far 是从句的引导词。
【拓展】 (1)how far there is to go是对 go的提问。问有多远的距离，用how far如：How far is there to go to your school?
到你的有多远？
There is 2 miles to go.
有2英里的路。
表示“还要走多远〞还可以用how much farther，但是答语要用到another，more 词。如：
How much farther is there to go to your school?
到你的还有多远？
There is another 2 miles to go.
还要再走2英里。
(2)how far和how much farther除了用在there be句型中，还可以用在以人作主语
的句子中。如：
—How far shall we go?我们要走多远？
—8 kilometers.八千米。
—How much farther will we go?
我们还要走多远？
—3 kilometers more.
还有三千米。
(3)注意：表示有多远的路要用how far，不用how long，how long是对时间提问。这一点要分清，不要受汉语翻译的影响。如：
How long have you been in the school?
你在这所待了多久了？
The food cooking on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea,you relax and watch the sun go down.
烤在火上的食物散发着诱人的香味，你喝着热茶，轻松地欣赏着落日下山的美景。
【剖析】 (1)这是两个由and连接的并列句，两个分句的主句分别是：“
The food smells great〞，“you relax and watch the sun go down〞。cooking on the fire是the food的修饰语；while you are having a hot cup of tea 是第二个主句的时间状语。
(2)smell在这里是系动词，后面接形容词great作表语，意为“闻起来很香〞。【拓展】 (1)我们在表达“烹制食物〞时，多用cook作谓语动词：cook sth.，
cook和食物之间是动宾关系，即食物是被烹制。但是cook还可以作不及物动词，表示食物的烹制(过程及方法)。如：
While the beef was cooking,I prepared some onion.
趁着炖牛肉的功夫，我备了些洋葱。
I could smell something delicious cooking.
我闻到在做什么好吃的。
(2)watch sb./sth.do表示“看某人或某物做了某事〞，指从头看到尾，看了全
过程；假设是看到瞬间的动作，或者强调通过仔细观察，那么用watch
sb./sth.doing。如
I watched the girls practice the dan ce to be performed on New Year’s Day
Celebration.
我看女孩们排练了要在年庆典上表演的舞蹈。
She watched her mom cooking the beef,hoping to find out the cret why it tasted so
nologood.
她仔细看着妈妈烹制牛肉，想找出它味道这么好的秘密。
As well as the group guide,all expeditions have cooks and porters.
除了导游外，所有长途跋涉队都配有厨师和搬运工。
【剖析】 (1)主句是all expeditions have cooks and porters，而As well as the group guide 是状语从句。
(2)的as well as相当于besides，意思是“除……之外还有；也，又〞。通常tuba
主句有被强调的意味，比方本all expeditions have cooks and porters就是被
强调的。句子还可以变化为：
All expeditions have cooks and porters as well as the group guide.
All expeditions have group guide，and the cooks and porters as well.
【拓展】 as well as这种结构和的意义相近，只是在中，被强调的成分通常在的后面。如：
All expeditions not only have the group guide but also have cooks and porters.
Just before he died,aged 70,Marco was asked the question,“Was it all true?〞to which he replied,“I have only told a half of what I saw!〞
马可在70岁去世，临终前，有人问他：“你讲的故事都是真的吗？〞马可答复道：“我讲的只是我所看到的一半。〞
【剖析】 (1)这句话的主句是Marco was asked the question,“Was it all true?〞，其余的都是补充成分。其中，Just before he died,aged 70 是时间
状语；to which he replied,“I have only told a half of what I saw!〞是语从句，先行词是the question。to which he replied相当于reply to the question，引导词which即代指the question，语从句原本是：which he replied to。习惯上把介词to拿到引导词之前，就变成to which he replied。这是我们上个单元学习的语法内容。又如：
I have never entered the room in which the old man lives.
我从来没进过那个老人住的房间。
He suggested going to e a movie,to which I completely agreed.
他建议去看场电影，我对此完全赞同。
(2)aged 70 是过去分词短语作状语。我们可以说：He is aged 78.他78了。On his way,he received a telegram from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundn:“I’m going South.〞 So the race to the South Pole was on!
在途中，他收到一封来自挪威人罗纳德·阿蒙森的电报：“我正向南极进发。〞一场奔向南极的赛跑就这样开始了。
【剖析】 (1)这是两个互为因果的句子，连词so 引导的是结果。
(2)going South中的South 用了大写，说明是专有名词“南极〞。
【拓展】 (1)表示方向的east，west，south和north可以用作副词，译成“向……方向；往……方向；在……方向〞，我们可以用它们作状语，表示运动的方向。如：日内瓦大学
We are sailing east.我们正往东行驶。
Drive straight forward and turn south at the next turn.
一直往前开，在下一个路口向南拐。
这些词作名词时，要表达“向……方向；往……方向〞需用的结构。如：
I studied the map and decided to turn to the west.我仔细看了地图，决往西拐。
(2)副词on 表示动作正在进行，还有继续进行含义。如：
The film had been on for half an hour when we got there.
我们到那儿时，电影已演半个小时了。
They left the room with the light on.
南京计算机培训他们没关灯就离开了房间。
I walked on and on and finally a small village turned up on the horizon.
我走啊走，终于在远处地平线上出现了一个小村庄。
Amundn was the first to leave,on 15 October,1911.
1910月15日，阿蒙森第一个出发了。
【剖析】 sb.is the first()to do sth.为固句式，表示“某人是第一个(第二个，最后一个……)做某事的人〞。如：
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
【拓展】与“第……次〞有关的说法：
〔1)某事是第……次发生：ime 如：
I met him for the first time 10 years ago.
十年前我第一次见到他。
(2)是第……次做某事：It ime that sb.has/have done sth. 如：
It was the cond time that I had been in China.
那是我第二次到中国。
He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
有几队狗为他拉雪橇，所有人都配有滑雪板。
【剖析】 (1)这是一个由and 连接的并列句。
(2)have sb./sth.doing 表示“在某段时间让某人/某物一直做某事〞。如：His father had two men working for him in harvest time.
收获时节，有两个人为他父亲收割庄稼。
plc编程培训班Don’t have your hor running all the time;it needs rest and food.
别老是让你的马不停地跑，它也得休息，吃点东西。
【拓展】掌握have 作使役动词的其他用法：
have sb.do sth.让某人做某事如：
雅思考试成绩查询He realized that he did not wish to have her go on her own.他意识到自己并不想让她单独一人去。
(2)have sth.done 让某事由别人去做；遭到某种情况如：
She might have just had her hair waved.
她可能刚去烫了头发。
id是什么意思
It never rains but it pours!I just had my watch stolen yesterday,and this afternoon I had my hands burnt!
真是祸不单行！昨天我的手表被偷了，今天下午又烫了手！
The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是欧茨上校，他行走困难。
【剖析】 (1)这是一个带有非限性语从句的复合句。主句是The next to go was Captain Oates。who引导了一个非限性语从句，先行词是Captain Oates 。(2)the next to go was Captain Oates是一个表语提前的倒装句。正常语序为：Captain Oates was the next to go.如：
Prent at the party were all famous scientists.
参加聚会的都是些著名的家。
〔3)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难/麻烦〞，如：
I have difficulty in catching the real meaning of my teacher.
听懂老师的话我觉得有困难。
【拓展】 (1)倒装的目的是为了防止头重脚轻，以保持句子的平衡，同时也是
为了和上文更好地衔接。表语提前的倒装句的其他主要情形：
表语+系动词+主语(为名词)+其他。例如：
Such is Albert Einstein.
这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦。
Such are the difficulties we met.
这些就是我们遇到的困难。
so+表语+系动词+主语+其他。例如：
So excited was my father that he couldn’t speak.
我爸爸兴奋得说不出话了。
表示“做某事有困难/麻烦〞还可用There
is(no)difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.。如：
There was no difficulty finding her hou with him leading us.
有他带路，我们没费力就找到了她的家。
注意：difficulty在这里既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。当泛泛地表示有困难，而没说明是什么样的具体困难时，是不可数名词，如以上例句。假设表达有具体的困难时，那么是可数名词。
语法·剖析
作文话题Ⅰ.关于延续性动词和非延续性动词
所谓延续性动词，我们也可以称之为“状态动词〞。相对的非延续性动词就是指“瞬间动词〞。分清楚这两种动词，可以帮助我们更好地理解句子的时态，而且减少和防止英语使用中时态方面的错误。看
下面的句子：(1)He entered the room and sat down in a chair.
他进了屋子在一张椅子上坐下来。
(2)He is sitting in the chair and reading newspaper.
他正坐在椅子上读着报纸。
第一个句子中，enter和sit down都是不可延续的动作，不能用于进行时态。而第二的sit和read均是延续性的动词，可以使用进行时态，表示这个动作正在发生。
再来看两个句子：
〔3)I have made a decision to go to college after I graduate from high school.
我已经作出了决，毕业之后要上。
(4)He has been thinking about what to do when he leaves school.dominate
他一直在思考离开之后该做什么。
学粤语
第三的make a decision是一个不可延续的动词短语，可以用完成时态，表示动作对现在的影响，但不可以用完成进行时。第二的think about是可延续的动作，所以可以用完成进行时表示从过去某个时间开始某人一直在做某事。Ⅱ.非限性语从句
语从句有限性和非限性两种。限性语从句是先行词不可缺少的，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限性语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，如：
This is the hou which we bought last month.
